Vargas-Anaya Elizabeth, Zamilpa Alejandro, González-Cortazar Manasés, Domínguez-Mendoza Blanca Eda, Pérez-García Ma Dolores, Rosas Morales Minerva, Ríos Cortés Ada María, López Gayou Valentin
Departamento de Nanobiotecnología y Biosensores, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN-CIBA), Santa Inés Tecuexcomac 90700, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No. 1, Col. Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Jun 7;14(6):591. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14060591.
Antimicrobial resistance represents a critical global health challenge that has been exacerbated by the significant decline in antibiotic development. Natural product-based drugs, particularly plant-derived phenolic compounds, offer promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a novel phenolic compound from , a Mexican perennial repent plant that is widespread in the Mexican valley and produces a variety of saponins, gastrodin derivatives, and phenolic acids, and to evaluate its antibacterial potential against clinically relevant pathogens. The hydroalcoholic extraction of was followed by liquid-liquid partitioning with ethyl acetate. The resulting fraction underwent chromatographic separation and purification. The structural elucidation of the isolated compound was performed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS-EI), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Antimicrobial activity was assessed via a microdilution assay against five bacterial strains, including drug-resistant species and Gram-negative pathogens. A novel phenolic compound, 5-(p-hydroxybenzoyl) shikimic acid (5pHSA), was isolated and characterized. The compound demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant and (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 100 μg/mL) but showed limited efficacy against , MRSA, and (MIC > 100 μg/mL). Comparative analysis with the previously isolated compound ProcumGastrodin A revealed structure-activity relationships where the higher lipophilicity of PG-A was correlated with enhanced antimicrobial activity. This study establishes 5pHSA as a novel phenolic compound with moderate antibacterial properties. The findings highlight the importance of molecular polarity and structural complexity in determining antimicrobial efficacy, offering valuable insights into the development of phenolic, acid-based antimicrobial agents to address the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
抗菌耐药性是一项严峻的全球健康挑战，抗生素研发的显著减少使其进一步恶化。基于天然产物的药物，尤其是植物来源的酚类化合物，为传统抗生素提供了有前景的替代方案。本研究旨在从一种墨西哥多年生匍匐植物中分离并鉴定一种新型酚类化合物，该植物在墨西哥山谷广泛分布，能产生多种皂苷、天麻素衍生物和酚酸，并评估其对临床相关病原体的抗菌潜力。对该植物进行水醇提取后，用乙酸乙酯进行液液分配。所得馏分进行色谱分离和纯化。使用薄层色谱（TLC）、高效液相色谱（HPLC）、质谱（MS-EI）和核磁共振（NMR）技术对分离出的化合物进行结构解析。通过微量稀释法对包括耐药菌和革兰氏阴性病原体在内的五种细菌菌株评估抗菌活性。分离并鉴定出一种新型酚类化合物5-(对羟基苯甲酰基)莽草酸（5pHSA）。该化合物对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌表现出中等抗菌活性（最低抑菌浓度（MIC）=100μg/mL），但对大肠杆菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的疗效有限（MIC>100μg/mL）。与先前分离的化合物原天麻素A的比较分析揭示了结构-活性关系，其中PG-A较高的亲脂性与增强的抗菌活性相关。本研究确定5pHSA为一种具有中等抗菌特性的新型酚类化合物。研究结果突出了分子极性和结构复杂性在决定抗菌效果方面的重要性，为开发基于酚酸的抗菌剂以应对日益严峻的抗菌耐药性挑战提供了有价值的见解。
