Garcia-Carmona Yolanda, Curotto de Lafaille Maria A
Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Precision Immunology Institute (PrIISM), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Cells. 2025 Jun 14;14(12):900. doi: 10.3390/cells14120900.
Food allergies result from dysregulated immune responses to dietary antigens. IgE antibodies are key in triggering allergic reactions through binding to high-affinity receptors on mast cells and triggering mast cell activation when crosslinked by allergens. In contrast, IgG antibodies-particularly IgG4-are linked to immunomodulation and tolerance. Allergen-specific memory B cells, especially IgG1+ cells, undergo class-switching to IgE, and IgE plasma cells underlie allergy persistence. Although there is no cure, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) aims to achieve sustained unresponsiveness by gradually increasing allergen exposure. Oral immunotherapy (OIT), a form of AIT, induces a shift from a TH2-skewed response to a more regulated immune profile, characterized by a switch from IgE to IgG4 and IgA isotypes. This review outlines current insights into AIT's cellular and humoral mechanisms, with implications for improving long-term outcomes and developing predictive biomarkers.
食物过敏是由对饮食抗原的免疫反应失调引起的。IgE抗体通过与肥大细胞上的高亲和力受体结合，并在被过敏原交联时触发肥大细胞活化，从而在引发过敏反应中起关键作用。相比之下，IgG抗体，尤其是IgG4，与免疫调节和耐受性有关。过敏原特异性记忆B细胞，尤其是IgG1+细胞，会发生类别转换为IgE，而IgE浆细胞是过敏持续存在的基础。虽然目前尚无治愈方法，但过敏原特异性免疫疗法（AIT）旨在通过逐渐增加过敏原暴露来实现持续无反应。口服免疫疗法（OIT）是AIT的一种形式，可诱导从以TH2为主的反应转变为更受调节的免疫状态，其特征是从IgE转换为IgG4和IgA同种型。本综述概述了目前对AIT细胞和体液机制的见解，对改善长期结果和开发预测性生物标志物具有重要意义。
