Evanger Linn Nyjordet, Saxvig Ingvild West, Pallesen Ståle, Gradisar Michael, Lie Stein Atle, Bjorvatn Bjørn
Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
Clocks Sleep. 2025 May 27;7(2):26. doi: 10.3390/clockssleep7020026.
This study explored whether sleep duration, insomnia, social jetlag, and circadian preference predicted adolescents' risk of anxiety and depression two years later. High school students initially aged 16-17 years were, in 2019 and 2021, invited to a web-based survey assessing sleep patterns, insomnia, circadian preference, anxiety, and depression. Sleep duration, insomnia, circadian preference, depression, and anxiety were assessed using the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, the Bergen Insomnia Scale, the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Generalized Anxiety-Disorder 7, respectively. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression analyses. The analytic longitudinal sample comprised 1456 students (initial mean age 16.4 years; 61.4% girls). Short school night sleep duration, chronic insomnia, and more severe insomnia symptoms at baseline predicted greater risk of anxiety and depression at follow-up when controlled for anxiety and depression at baseline. Neither free night sleep duration nor social jetlag at baseline were related to the risk of anxiety and depression at follow-up. When circadian preference was investigated continuously, greater morningness at baseline predicted lower risk of anxiety and depression at follow-up. When circadian preference was investigated categorically, evening preference type was associated with higher risk of depression at follow-up than intermediate preference type, while the prospective risk of anxiety and depression otherwise did not differ in relation to circadian preference. The results attest to prospective associations between adolescent sleep problems at baseline and later risk of anxiety and depression.
本研究探讨了睡眠时间、失眠、社会时差和昼夜偏好是否能预测青少年两年后的焦虑和抑郁风险。2019年和2021年，邀请了最初年龄在16 - 17岁的高中生参加一项基于网络的调查，评估睡眠模式、失眠、昼夜偏好、焦虑和抑郁情况。睡眠时间、失眠、昼夜偏好、抑郁和焦虑分别使用慕尼黑时间类型问卷、卑尔根失眠量表、简化的晨型-夜型问卷、患者健康问卷-9和广泛性焦虑障碍7项量表进行评估。采用逻辑回归分析进行分析。分析的纵向样本包括1456名学生（初始平均年龄16.4岁；61.4%为女生）。在校夜间睡眠时间短、慢性失眠以及基线时更严重的失眠症状在控制基线时的焦虑和抑郁情况后，预测随访时焦虑和抑郁的风险更高。基线时的自由夜间睡眠时间和社会时差均与随访时焦虑和抑郁的风险无关。当连续研究昼夜偏好时，基线时更强的晨型偏好预测随访时焦虑和抑郁的风险更低。当分类研究昼夜偏好时，随访时夜型偏好类型比中间偏好类型与更高的抑郁风险相关，而焦虑和抑郁的前瞻性风险在昼夜偏好方面其他方面无差异。结果证明了青少年基线时的睡眠问题与后期焦虑和抑郁风险之间的前瞻性关联。
