Izzo Carmine, Visco Valeria, Loria Francesco, Squillante Antonio, Iannarella Chiara, Guerriero Antonio, Cirillo Alessandra, Barbato Maria Grazia, Ferrigno Ornella, Augusto Annamaria, Rusciano Maria Rosaria, Virtuoso Nicola, Venturini Eleonora, Di Pietro Paola, Carrizzo Albino, Vecchione Carmine, Ciccarelli Michele
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy.
Cardiology Unit, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", 84081 Salerno, Italy.
J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2025 Jun 11;12(6):219. doi: 10.3390/jcdd12060219.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, necessitating comprehensive management and prevention strategies. Rehabilitative cardiology, also known as cardiac rehabilitation (CR), is a multidisciplinary approach aimed at enhancing recovery, reducing the risk of recurrent cardiac events, and improving patients' quality of life. This review explores the critical role of cardiovascular nursing in CR, highlighting its contributions to patient education, psychosocial support, and care coordination. Through an analysis of current evidence, we outline the core components of CR, including exercise training, risk factor modification, and behavioral interventions. Cardiovascular nurses play a pivotal role in optimizing patient outcomes by conducting assessments, providing tailored education, and addressing psychological challenges such as depression and anxiety, which often accompany CVDs. Despite the well-documented benefits of CR, participation rates remain low due to barriers such as inadequate referral systems, accessibility challenges, and socioeconomic disparities. Emerging solutions, including telemedicine and home-based CR, offer promising alternatives to improve adherence and accessibility. The review underscores the need for expanded nursing roles, interdisciplinary collaboration, and policy advancements to bridge existing gaps in CR utilization. By integrating innovative care models, cardiovascular nursing can further enhance the effectiveness of rehabilitative cardiology and contribute to improved long-term patient outcomes.
心血管疾病（CVDs）仍然是全球范围内主要的死亡原因，因此需要全面的管理和预防策略。心脏康复学，也称为心脏康复（CR），是一种多学科方法，旨在促进康复、降低心脏事件复发风险并提高患者生活质量。本综述探讨了心血管护理在心脏康复中的关键作用，强调了其在患者教育、心理社会支持和护理协调方面的贡献。通过对现有证据的分析，我们概述了心脏康复的核心组成部分，包括运动训练、危险因素修正和行为干预。心血管护士在优化患者治疗结果方面发挥着关键作用，他们通过进行评估、提供量身定制的教育以及应对诸如抑郁症和焦虑症等常伴随心血管疾病出现的心理挑战来实现这一点。尽管心脏康复的益处有充分记录，但由于转诊系统不完善、可及性挑战和社会经济差异等障碍，参与率仍然很低。包括远程医疗和居家心脏康复在内的新兴解决方案为提高依从性和可及性提供了有前景的替代方案。该综述强调需要扩大护理角色、开展跨学科合作并推进政策，以弥合心脏康复利用方面现有的差距。通过整合创新护理模式，心血管护理可以进一步提高心脏康复学的有效性，并有助于改善患者的长期治疗结果。
