Zhao Yadong, Peng Chengcheng, Yang Zheng, Liu Zhengjie, Khong Heng Yen, Benjakul Soottawat, Zhang Bin, Yang Ruizhi
School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Gels. 2025 May 29;11(6):408. doi: 10.3390/gels11060408.
Cellulose-based aerogel is an environmentally friendly multifunctional material that is renewable, biodegradable, and easily surface-modified. However, due to its flammability, cellulose serves as an ignition source in fire incidents, leading to the combustion of building materials and resulting in significant economic losses and safety risks. Consequently, it is essential to develop cellulose-based building materials with flame-retardant properties. Initially, a porous cellulose-based flame-retardant aerogel was successfully synthesized through freeze-drying, utilizing lignocellulose as the raw material. Subsequently, phosphorylation of cellulose was coupled with Ca cross-linking via self-assembly and surface deposition effects to enhance its flame-retardant properties. Finally, the synthesized materials were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical compression testing, and scanning electron microscopy. The aerogel of the phosphorylated cellulose nanofibrils cross-linked via 1.5% CaCl exhibited the most effective flame-retardant properties and the best mechanical characteristics, achieving a UL-94 test rating of V-0 and a maximum flame-retardant rate of 90.6%. Additionally, its compressive strength and elastic modulus were recorded at 0.39 and 0.98 MPa, respectively. The preparation process is environmentally friendly, yielding products that demonstrate significant flame-retardant effects and are non-toxic. This product is anticipated to replace polymer-based commercial aerogel materials, representing a sustainable solution to the issue of "white pollution".
纤维素基气凝胶是一种环保型多功能材料，具有可再生、可生物降解且易于表面改性的特点。然而，由于其易燃性，纤维素在火灾事故中充当引火源，导致建筑材料燃烧，造成重大经济损失和安全风险。因此，开发具有阻燃性能的纤维素基建筑材料至关重要。最初，以木质纤维素为原料，通过冷冻干燥成功合成了一种多孔纤维素基阻燃气凝胶。随后，通过自组装和表面沉积效应，将纤维素的磷酸化与钙交联相结合，以增强其阻燃性能。最后，使用红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重分析、机械压缩测试和扫描电子显微镜对合成材料进行表征。通过1.5%氯化钙交联的磷酸化纤维素纳米原纤维气凝胶表现出最有效的阻燃性能和最佳的机械性能，达到了UL-94测试V-0等级，最大阻燃率为90.6%。此外，其抗压强度和弹性模量分别记录为0.39和0.98兆帕。制备过程环保，所得产品具有显著的阻燃效果且无毒。该产品有望取代聚合物基商用气凝胶材料，是解决“白色污染”问题的可持续解决方案。
