Huo Wenyan, He Xuelian, Liu Yu, Zhang Liguang, Dai Lu, Qi Peng, Qiao Ting, Hu Suying, Lu Pengpeng, Li Junzhi
Fungal Research Center, Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an 710043, China.
College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2025 May 30;11(6):420. doi: 10.3390/jof11060420.
This study investigated strain degeneration during repeated subculturing and employed metabolomics, transcriptomics, and other techniques to explore its molecular mechanisms. Significant metabolic and transcriptional differences were observed between normal mycelia (NM) and degenerated mycelia (DG). Metabolomic analysis revealed 699 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) that were predominantly enriched in secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways, particularly flavonoids and indole alkaloids. Total flavonoid content was markedly higher in NM than in DG, with most flavonoid compounds showing reduced levels in degenerated strains. Transcriptomic profiling revealed 2691 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), primarily associated with metabolic pathways and genetic information processing. Integrated analysis showed that metabolic dynamics were regulated by DEGs, with pyruvate metabolism being significantly enriched. The FunBGCeX tool identified biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in the genome, highlighting the critical role of the non-reducing polyketide synthase (NR-PKS) gene in flavonoid biosynthesis. This gene exhibited significantly downregulated expression in DG strains. These findings indicate that degeneration resulted from systemic dysregulation of gene expression networks and metabolic pathway reorganization. The results presented herein also provide theoretical insights into degeneration mechanisms and potential prevention strategies for this edible fungus.
本研究调查了反复传代培养过程中的菌株退化情况，并采用代谢组学、转录组学等技术探究其分子机制。在正常菌丝体（NM）和退化菌丝体（DG）之间观察到显著的代谢和转录差异。代谢组学分析揭示了699种差异表达代谢物（DEM），这些代谢物主要富集于次生代谢物生物合成途径，特别是黄酮类化合物和吲哚生物碱。NM中的总黄酮含量明显高于DG，大多数黄酮类化合物在退化菌株中的水平降低。转录组分析揭示了2691个差异表达基因（DEG），主要与代谢途径和遗传信息处理相关。综合分析表明，代谢动态受DEG调控，丙酮酸代谢显著富集。FunBGCeX工具在基因组中鉴定出生物合成基因簇（BGC），突出了非还原聚酮合酶（NR-PKS）基因在黄酮类生物合成中的关键作用。该基因在DG菌株中表达显著下调。这些发现表明，退化是由基因表达网络的系统性失调和代谢途径重组导致的。本文呈现的结果也为这种食用菌的退化机制和潜在预防策略提供了理论见解。
