Kieson Emily
Equine International, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Vet Sci. 2025 Jun 14;12(6):586. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12060586.
Most studies on relationships between humans and nonhuman animals focus on the benefits of the relationship to humans, the potential detriment or stress to animals, or how humans can better improve husbandry or handling practices in the domestic setting. By comparing existing research in human working relationships and friendships with animal friendships and studies on human-animal interactions, this paper proposes a new framework of an Interspecies Relational Theory that provides approaches for identifying, developing, and maintaining different levels of relationships between humans and nonhuman species. The framework is broken into three stages aligned with existing research in human levels of trust ranging from strategic/calculus-based to working/knowledge/information-based to friendship/affect-based. These levels are also aligned with stages of Maslow's Hierarchy. The suggested framework can help provide insight into both human and animal perspectives of the human-animal relationship in a variety of veterinary and animal-assisted settings.
大多数关于人类与非人类动物关系的研究都集中在这种关系给人类带来的益处、对动物可能造成的损害或压力，或者人类如何能在家庭环境中更好地改进饲养或管理方法。通过将人类工作关系和友谊方面的现有研究与动物友谊以及人类与动物互动的研究进行比较，本文提出了一种跨物种关系理论的新框架，该框架提供了识别、发展和维持人类与非人类物种之间不同层次关系的方法。该框架分为三个阶段，与人类信任层次的现有研究相一致，从基于策略/算计的信任到基于工作/知识/信息的信任，再到基于友谊/情感的信任。这些层次也与马斯洛需求层次理论的阶段相一致。所建议的框架有助于在各种兽医和动物辅助环境中，从人类和动物的角度洞察人类与动物的关系。
