Xu Xiaowei, Zhang Jun, Wang Yi, Tu Haifeng, Lv Yang, Zhao Zehua, Zhang Dapeng, Yu Qi
Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China.
Department of Environmental Science, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
Toxics. 2025 May 30;13(6):457. doi: 10.3390/toxics13060457.
This study examines the assessment and management strategies for odor risks during emergency cleanup of VOC-contaminated waste. By analyzing illegally dumped VOC waste, the impact on odor intensity levels and exceedance probabilities in nearby residential areas was evaluated. Utilizing a VOC source emission model, a Gaussian plume dispersion model, and Monte Carlo simulations under various meteorological conditions, the effectiveness of the control measures was assessed. Key pollutants included ethylbenzene, toluene, styrene, and m/p-xylene, which, despite posing minimal short-term health risks (PHI: 0.17-0.64), exhibited significant odor risks (Odor PHI: 127-1156). At 20 m from the source, the probability of the odor intensity exceeding Level 2.5 approached 100%, decreasing to 85% at 50 m and further declining with distance. Atmospheric stability shifts-from very unstable (Class A) to stable (Class F)-increased the odor intensity from 0.5 to 2.5. Under moderately stable conditions (Class E), m/p-xylene had a 44.2% probability of exceeding an odor intensity level of 2.5. Even at 250 m, the odor intensity levels ranged between 1.2 and 1.7, remaining perceptible. Effective mitigation strategies include establishing appropriate buffer distances and using adsorption materials like activated carbon.
本研究考察了挥发性有机化合物（VOC）污染废物应急清理过程中气味风险的评估与管理策略。通过分析非法倾倒的VOC废物，评估了其对附近居民区气味强度水平和超标概率的影响。利用VOC源排放模型、高斯烟羽扩散模型以及在各种气象条件下的蒙特卡洛模拟，评估了控制措施的有效性。主要污染物包括乙苯、甲苯、苯乙烯和间/对二甲苯，尽管它们造成的短期健康风险极小（危害风险指数：0.17 - 0.64），但却表现出显著的气味风险（气味危害风险指数：127 - 1156）。在距离源20米处，气味强度超过2.5级的概率接近100%，在50米处降至85%，并随距离进一步下降。大气稳定性从极不稳定（A类）转变为稳定（F类），使气味强度从0.5增加到2.5。在中等稳定条件（E类）下，间/对二甲苯超过气味强度2.5级的概率为44.2%。即使在250米处，气味强度水平仍在1.2至1.7之间，仍可察觉。有效的缓解策略包括建立适当的缓冲距离以及使用活性炭等吸附材料。
