Kieliszek Marek
Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2025 Jun 25;109(1):152. doi: 10.1007/s00253-025-13539-6.
Anhydrobiosis is a phenomenon that involves the ability of microorganisms to survive in an environment of virtually complete dehydration. Yeast cells in anhydrobiosis exhibit several structural and functional changes. Survival of such extreme environmental conditions while maintaining the viability of eukaryotic cells after rehydration is a subject of constant interest in the scientific community worldwide. This review article presents the most essential information discussing the effect of dehydration on several structural and functional changes occurring in yeast cell organelles. It is worth emphasizing that at the cellular level, in dehydration conditions, it is possible to observe the occurrence of processes responsible for cytoplasm condensation, cytoskeleton reorganization or changes in the structure of the cell membrane and individual organelles. In addition, protein aggregation and a reduction in metabolic activity also occur. The consequence of such processes is the inhibition of the cell cycle and a decrease in the activity of individual enzymes. One of the key mechanisms responsible for yeast defense against this phenomenon is the accumulation of protective substances. Understanding the functioning of complex adaptive mechanisms of yeast cells occurring in the state of anhydrobiosis will constitute an extension of the current knowledge in this scientific field. It is worth emphasizing that conducting future research on explaining the complex relationships that occur at the molecular level in the cytosol of yeast cells between individual organelles will provide new molecular clues covering the functioning of particular signaling pathways. At the same time, using knowledge from this technological sector will be an opportunity to develop innovative technologies in the field of designing yeast-derived products. KEY POINTS: • Yeast cells exhibit significant structural and functional changes in the anhydrobiosis state. • Dehydration leads to cytoskeleton reorganization, membrane changes, and cytoplasmic condensation. • Anhydrobiosis leads to protein aggregation and reduced translation at the ribosome level in yeast.
隐生现象是一种涉及微生物在几乎完全脱水的环境中生存能力的现象。处于隐生状态的酵母细胞会呈现出多种结构和功能变化。在全球科学界，真核细胞在如此极端环境条件下存活并在复水后保持活力一直是备受关注的课题。这篇综述文章呈现了讨论脱水对酵母细胞器中发生的多种结构和功能变化影响的最重要信息。值得强调的是，在细胞水平上，在脱水条件下，可以观察到负责细胞质浓缩、细胞骨架重组或细胞膜及各个细胞器结构变化的过程发生。此外，还会出现蛋白质聚集和代谢活性降低的情况。这些过程的结果是细胞周期受到抑制以及个别酶的活性下降。酵母抵御这种现象的关键机制之一是保护性物质的积累。了解酵母细胞在隐生状态下复杂的适应性机制的运作将扩展该科学领域的现有知识。值得强调的是，未来开展研究以解释酵母细胞胞质溶胶中各个细胞器之间在分子水平上发生的复杂关系，将提供涵盖特定信号通路功能的新分子线索。同时，利用该技术领域的知识将为开发酵母衍生产品领域的创新技术提供契机。要点：• 酵母细胞在隐生状态下呈现出显著的结构和功能变化。• 脱水导致细胞骨架重组、膜变化和细胞质浓缩。• 隐生现象导致酵母中蛋白质聚集和核糖体水平的翻译减少。
