Parastatidou Stavroula, Tsantes Andreas G, Emmanouil Chrysoula-Christina, Konstantinidi Aikaterini, Kapetanaki Anastasia, Sokou Rozeta
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Elena Venizelou" Maternity Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece.
Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece.
Children (Basel). 2025 May 23;12(6):666. doi: 10.3390/children12060666.
Neonatal jaundice remains a common issue in daily clinical practice that needs to be distinguished in physiologic and pathologic hyperbilirubinemia. Hemolytic causes are significant, often underrecognized contributors of pathologic hyperbilirubinemia, sometimes leading to severe complications. Both immune-mediated and non-immune hemolytic conditions are included in the differential diagnosis of neonatal hemolytic jaundice. Following the detection of hemolysis, family and pregnancy history, physical examination of the neonate, and further investigations are necessary. Established and newer laboratory methods are useful in the subsequent diagnostic approach. The optimal management of hemolytic jaundice alienates the risk of permanent neurologic damage.
新生儿黄疸仍是日常临床实践中的常见问题，需要区分生理性和病理性高胆红素血症。溶血原因是病理性高胆红素血症的重要因素，往往未得到充分认识，有时会导致严重并发症。免疫介导和非免疫性溶血情况均包含在新生儿溶血性黄疸的鉴别诊断中。发现溶血后，需要了解家族史和妊娠史、对新生儿进行体格检查并进一步检查。已有的和更新的实验室方法在后续诊断中很有用。溶血性黄疸的最佳管理可消除永久性神经损伤的风险。
