Jurkiewicz Krzysztof, Jutel Marek, Smolinska Sylwia
Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Parkowa 34, 51-616 Wroclaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 13;26(12):5660. doi: 10.3390/ijms26125660.
House dust mites (HDMs) are a major source of indoor allergens, significantly contributing to allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. This review examines the epidemiology, microbiological classification and pathophysiology of HDM allergy, highlighting key allergens such as Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 23. Furthermore, we discuss the pivotal role of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), the only disease-modifying treatment for immunoglobulin (Ig)-E disease. Recent studies have identified predictive biomarkers for allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) efficacy, including the specific IgE to total IgE (sIgE/tIgE) ratio and regulatory follicular T cell profiles, supporting a more personalized approach to therapy. Additionally, emerging immunotherapy strategies, such as recombinant allergens and peptide-based formulations, aim to improve safety and clinical outcomes. As HDM allergy prevalence rises globally, further research into optimizing diagnostics and treatment strategies remains crucial for enhancing patient care.
屋尘螨（HDMs）是室内过敏原的主要来源，对过敏性鼻炎、哮喘和特应性皮炎有显著影响。本综述探讨了屋尘螨过敏的流行病学、微生物分类和病理生理学，重点介绍了主要过敏原，如Der p 1、Der p 2和Der p 23。此外，我们还讨论了变应原特异性免疫疗法（AIT）的关键作用，它是唯一一种用于治疗免疫球蛋白（Ig）-E疾病的疾病修正疗法。最近的研究已经确定了变应原特异性免疫疗法（AIT）疗效的预测生物标志物，包括特异性IgE与总IgE（sIgE/tIgE）的比值以及调节性滤泡T细胞谱，这支持了一种更个性化的治疗方法。此外，新兴的免疫疗法策略，如重组变应原和基于肽的制剂，旨在提高安全性和临床疗效。随着全球屋尘螨过敏患病率的上升，进一步研究优化诊断和治疗策略对于提高患者护理水平仍然至关重要。
