Pliszka Monika, Szablewski Leszek
Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 13;26(12):5669. doi: 10.3390/ijms26125669.
Insulin resistance is a condition wherein cells fail to adequately respond to insulin. It is a prevalent medical condition associated with several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, obesity, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Insulin resistance may be involved in metabolic disturbances, such as hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, endothelial dysfunction, elevated inflammatory markers, and a prothrombotic state. Severe insulin resistance syndromes are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders. These disorders are characterized by profound insulin resistance, substantial metabolic abnormalities, and different clinical manifestations and complications. They may be hereditary or acquired, caused by defects in insulin action and cellular responsiveness to insulin. Severe insulin resistance syndromes may also be due to aberrations in adipose tissue function and development. The majority of these disorders are associated with an increased risk of severe complications and mortality. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, complications and prognosis of severe insulin resistance syndromes, as well as to categorize these syndromes by disease process, including defects in insulin receptor, intracellular insulin signaling defects, lipodystrophies, etc.
胰岛素抵抗是一种细胞无法对胰岛素产生充分反应的病症。它是一种常见的医学状况，与多种疾病相关，如2型糖尿病、代谢综合征、高血压、肥胖症和多囊卵巢综合征。胰岛素抵抗可能参与代谢紊乱，如高血糖、高胰岛素血症、血脂异常、高尿酸血症、内皮功能障碍、炎症标志物升高和血栓前状态。严重胰岛素抵抗综合征是一组异质性的罕见疾病。这些疾病的特征是严重的胰岛素抵抗、大量的代谢异常以及不同的临床表现和并发症。它们可能是遗传性的或后天获得的，由胰岛素作用缺陷和细胞对胰岛素的反应性引起。严重胰岛素抵抗综合征也可能归因于脂肪组织功能和发育异常。这些疾病中的大多数与严重并发症和死亡风险增加有关。本综述旨在总结目前关于严重胰岛素抵抗综合征的流行病学、病理生理学、并发症和预后的知识，并根据疾病过程对这些综合征进行分类，包括胰岛素受体缺陷、细胞内胰岛素信号缺陷、脂肪营养不良等。
