Rączka Kinga, Matysik Przemysław, Drzazga Tadeusz, Dorczyk Ada, Olejniczak-Idczak Marta, Tyrka Dorota, Tyrka Mirosław
Doctoral School of the Rzeszów University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
Plant Breeding Strzelce Group IHAR Ltd., Główna 20, 99-307 Strzelce, Poland.
Genes (Basel). 2025 May 29;16(6):661. doi: 10.3390/genes16060661.
Grain protein (GPC) and grain starch (GSC) content in common wheat determines suitability for further end-use processing and is an important quality factor. The level of free asparagine in grains (GFAC) significantly affects suitability for thermal processing. The aim of this genome-wide association study (GWAS) was to identify markers associated (MTA) with the levels of GPC, GSC and GFAC in elite winter wheat breeding lines, and to identify candidate genes. In total, 344 winter wheat lines were phenotyped and genotyped with DArTseq markers. This GWAS revealed 14 MTAs for GPC, 40 for GSC and 43 for GFAC. The new markers were identified and explained from 6.3% to 12.2% of phenotypic variation. For GPC, the region adjacent to marker 4990459 (QGpc.rut.2D) explained 10.2% of the variation and was stable between two years. The novel gene TraesCS7A03G037500, encoding sucrose synthase involved in starch biosynthesis, was identified in the proximity of QGsc.rut.7A.2. The TraesCS1B03G0736700 gene, coding NAD(P)H dehydrogenase subunit H involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, was found in the proximity of QGfac.rut.1B.1. These findings provide valuable insights for elucidating inheritance of GCS, and the identified MTAs provide molecular markers for the reduction of free asparagine and increase of protein content in wheat grains.
普通小麦中的籽粒蛋白（GPC）和籽粒淀粉（GSC）含量决定了其进一步用于最终加工的适宜性，是一个重要的品质因素。籽粒中游离天冬酰胺（GFAC）的水平显著影响热加工的适宜性。这项全基因组关联研究（GWAS）的目的是在优良冬小麦育种系中鉴定与GPC、GSC和GFAC水平相关的标记（MTA），并鉴定候选基因。总共对344个冬小麦品系进行了表型分析，并用DArTseq标记进行了基因分型。这项GWAS揭示了14个与GPC相关的MTA、40个与GSC相关的MTA和43个与GFAC相关的MTA。新标记解释了6.3%至12.2%的表型变异。对于GPC，标记4990459（QGpc.rut.2D）附近的区域解释了10.2%的变异，并且在两年间是稳定的。在QGsc.rut.7A.2附近鉴定出了编码参与淀粉生物合成的蔗糖合酶的新基因TraesCS7A03G037500。在QGfac.rut.1B.1附近发现了编码参与线粒体电子传递链的NAD（P）H脱氢酶亚基H的TraesCS1B03G0736700基因。这些发现为阐明GCS的遗传提供了有价值的见解，所鉴定的MTA为降低小麦籽粒中游离天冬酰胺和提高蛋白质含量提供了分子标记。
