Zhao Lina, Sun Zhengdong, Shen Ye, Chen Zhiyang, Zhang Yang, Shi Jiyong, Tahir Haroon Elrasheid, Xu Xuechao, Zhang Meng, Zou Xiaobo, Zheng Kaiyi
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
Foods. 2025 Jun 11;14(12):2062. doi: 10.3390/foods14122062.
(1) Background: Asomate, as a dithiocarbamate compound, is moderately toxic to the human body; thus, it is necessary to develop a rapid and efficient method for detection. To meet this need, this study introduced a rapid, non-destructive, and efficient method for detecting asomate residues on the surface of apples based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with flexible substrates. (2) Methods: Concave Au nanorods (AuCNAs) were synthesized in advance. Then, the AuCNAs were loaded on an electrostatically spun film to generate a flexible TiO/ZrO/AuCNAs substrate for detection. (3) Results: The flexible substrate exhibited strong SERS activity, with an enhancement factor (EF) up to 9.40 × 10 for 4-MBA. Meanwhile, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation showed that the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects related to the enhancement of the SERS signal are mainly generated from the 'hot spots' in AuCNAs. The density functional theory (DFT) simulation detailedly revealed that the SERS peaks could be generated by the interaction among asomate molecules, disassociated Au atoms, and Au facets. Moreover, the asomate in apple peel was analyzed with the limit of detection (LOD) as low as below 10 nM, allowing for the rapid detection of asomate directly on apple peels. (4) Conclusions: The flexible TiO/ZrO/AuCNAs film can be used for the in situ detection of asomate in apple peel at low concentrations. Moreover, the simulation methods, including FDTD and DFT, explained the mechanism of SERS from the flexible substrates.
(1) 背景：福美胂作为一种二硫代氨基甲酸盐化合物，对人体有中度毒性；因此，有必要开发一种快速高效的检测方法。为满足这一需求，本研究引入了一种基于表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）结合柔性基底的快速、无损且高效的苹果表面福美胂残留检测方法。(2) 方法：预先合成凹形金纳米棒（AuCNAs）。然后，将AuCNAs负载到静电纺丝膜上，制备用于检测的柔性TiO/ZrO/AuCNAs基底。(3) 结果：该柔性基底表现出很强的SERS活性，对4-MBA的增强因子（EF）高达9.40×10。同时，时域有限差分（FDTD）模拟表明，与SERS信号增强相关的局域表面等离子体共振（LSPR）效应主要由AuCNAs中的“热点”产生。密度泛函理论（DFT）模拟详细揭示了福美胂分子、解离的金原子和金晶面之间的相互作用可产生SERS峰。此外，对苹果皮中的福美胂进行了分析，检测限低至10 nM以下，可直接在苹果皮上快速检测福美胂。(4) 结论：柔性TiO/ZrO/AuCNAs薄膜可用于低浓度苹果皮中福美胂的原位检测。此外，包括FDTD和DFT在内的模拟方法解释了柔性基底产生SERS的机制。
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