Shono Nourah N, Alkhudhairy Fahad
Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Microsc Res Tech. 2025 Oct;88(10):2754-2762. doi: 10.1002/jemt.70017. Epub 2025 Jun 25.
The current study is designed to evaluate and contrast the effectiveness of several pretreatment techniques, such as airborne particle abrasion (APA), toluidine blue (TBO) activated by low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and the Ho: YAG (Holmium: yttrium aluminum garnet crystal) laser, along with composite repair materials of varying viscosities, on the surface roughness (Ra) and repair bond strength (RBS) of hybrid ceramics (HBC). Seventy-eight discs of HBC measuring 3 × 8 × 10 mm were obtained from Vita Enamic hybrid ceramics. The discs were then arbitrarily allocated into three groups based on the conditioning techniques that is, APA, Ho: YAG laser, and TBO activated by LLLT (n = 26). The Ra of five specimens from each group following conditioning were quantified utilizing a contact profilometer and one disc from each group was utilized for surface topography assessment under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The remaining 20 discs from each group were further divided into two subgroups based on the type of composite resin (n = 10). Microhybrid composite (A) and a low viscosity injectable composite (B). Following bonding with different composite types all samples underwent thermocycling. RBS and failure mode analysis were performed with the universal testing machine and stereomicroscope respectively. The data concerning Ra and bond strength was subjected to ANOVA and Tukey Post Hoc test to identify significantly different outcomes among tested groups (p = 0.05). The maximum scores of mean Ra were displayed by Group 2 (Ho: YAG laser) (1234.33 ± 0.035 μm) pretreated discs. Whereas Group 3 (TBO activated by LLLT) (987.12 ± 0.012 μm) conditioned samples exhibited the lowest outcomes of Ra. The highest scores of RBS were presented by Group 2B (Ho: YAG laser + Injectable composite) (12.83 ± 0.22 MPa). Conversely, the lowest mean RBS value was recorded in Group 3A (TBO activated by LLLT + Microhybrid composite) (10.21 ± 0.24 MPa) Repairing CAD/CAM-HBC materials, using a Ho: YAG laser for surface conditioning proves to be the most effective approach. Regardless of the surface treatment chosen, using injectable composite as the repair material results in improved RBS.
本研究旨在评估和对比几种预处理技术的有效性，这些技术包括空气颗粒喷砂处理（APA）、经低强度激光疗法（LLLT）激活的甲苯胺蓝（TBO）以及钬：钇铝石榴石晶体（Ho: YAG）激光，同时还研究不同粘度的复合修复材料对混合陶瓷（HBC）表面粗糙度（Ra）和修复粘结强度（RBS）的影响。从维他义获耐美混合陶瓷中获取了78个尺寸为3×8×10mm的HBC圆盘。然后根据处理技术将这些圆盘随机分为三组，即APA组、Ho: YAG激光组和经LLLT激活的TBO组（n = 26）。使用接触式轮廓仪对每组处理后的五个样本的Ra进行量化，并利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对每组的一个圆盘进行表面形貌评估。每组剩余的20个圆盘根据复合树脂类型进一步分为两个亚组（n = 10）。微混合复合树脂（A）和低粘度可注射复合树脂（B）。在与不同类型的复合树脂粘结后，所有样本均进行热循环处理。分别使用万能试验机和体视显微镜进行RBS和失效模式分析。对有关Ra和粘结强度的数据进行方差分析（ANOVA）和Tukey事后检验，以确定测试组之间的显著差异结果（p = 0.05）。经预处理的圆盘在第2组（Ho: YAG激光组）中显示出平均Ra的最高值（1234.33±0.035μm）。而第3组（经LLLT激活的TBO组）（987.12±0.012μm）处理的样本表现出最低的Ra值。RBS的最高得分出现在第2B组（Ho: YAG激光 + 可注射复合树脂）（12.83±0.22MPa）。相反，第3A组（经LLLT激活的TBO + 微混合复合树脂）记录到最低的平均RBS值（10.21±0.24MPa）。事实证明，使用Ho: YAG激光对CAD/CAM-HBC材料进行表面处理是修复的最有效方法。无论选择何种表面处理方式，使用可注射复合树脂作为修复材料均可提高RBS。
