Nikolin Stevan, Chand Nicholas, Martin Donel, Rushby Jacqueline, Loo Colleen K, Boonstra Tjeerd W
School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia.
Neuroimage Rep. 2022 Jan 17;2(1):100077. doi: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100077. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) present with deficits in emotional reactivity. Conflicting models have been proposed to explain this effect. We sought to confirm reports of blunted reactivity to negatively-valanced emotional stimuli, in line with the hypothesis of depression, in a preregistered study.
Forty-one depressed participants and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were presented a series of unpleasant and neutrally-valanced pictures in a passive view paradigm while acquiring electroencephalography (EEG). The late positive potential (LPP), an EEG correlate of emotional reactivity, was compared between groups using mixed-effects repeated-measures models and exploratory cluster-based permutation tests. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the robustness of LPP findings by reanalysing the LPPs using 24 EEG pipelines from studies identified in the literature.
We found no difference in LPP amplitudes between MDD and healthy individuals using the preregistered analysis pipeline. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the magnitude and direction of LPP effect sizes were affected by the analysis pipeline. Exploratory permutation analysis revealed an electrode cluster that showed a significant reduction in the LPP for MDD participants while viewing unpleasant pictures.
These results do not provide evidence in support of the emotional context insensitivity hypothesis, except for the exploratory data-driven approach. Methodological differences, in particular in the analysis pipeline, contribute to the heterogeneity of LPP modulation in depression. A standardised approach to quantify EEG correlates of emotional reactivity is needed to evaluate alternative models of emotional reactivity in depression.
重度抑郁症（MDD）患者存在情绪反应缺陷。人们提出了相互矛盾的模型来解释这种效应。在一项预先注册的研究中，我们试图证实与抑郁症假说相符的对负性情绪刺激反应迟钝的报道。
41名抑郁症患者和41名年龄及性别匹配的健康对照者在被动观看范式下观看一系列不愉快和中性的图片，同时记录脑电图（EEG）。使用混合效应重复测量模型和基于探索性聚类的置换检验比较两组之间的晚期正电位（LPP），这是一种与情绪反应相关的脑电图指标。通过使用文献中确定的研究中的24种EEG处理流程重新分析LPP，进行敏感性分析以评估LPP结果的稳健性。
使用预先注册的分析流程，我们发现MDD患者和健康个体之间的LPP振幅没有差异。敏感性分析表明，LPP效应大小的幅度和方向受分析流程的影响。探索性置换分析揭示了一个电极簇，在MDD参与者观看不愉快图片时，该电极簇的LPP显著降低。
除了探索性数据驱动方法外，这些结果没有提供支持情绪背景不敏感假说的证据。方法学差异，特别是在分析流程方面，导致了抑郁症中LPP调节的异质性。需要一种标准化方法来量化情绪反应的EEG相关指标，以评估抑郁症中情绪反应的替代模型。
