A Myelin Debris Cleaner for Spinal Cord Injury Recovery: Polycaprolactone / Cell Membrane Assembled Scaffolds.

After spinal cord injury (SCI), a mass of myelin debris derived from injured myelin sheath will be consistently generated and induce macrophages to be foam cells. It has been established that myelin debris and foam cells are negative on SCI recovery through direct and indirect neurotoxicity. Different from previous studies, the present research utilized efficient biological composite materials to adsorb myelin debris, exploring new avenues for solving foam cells and myelin debris following SCI. To achieve the strategy, the present author team has developed the biomaterial composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber and pretreated macrophage membranes. Results in vitro and in vivo showed that the composite biomaterial effectively adsorbed myelin debris, with a result of few remaining foam cells, mitigated inflammation, minimal scarring, and favorable motor function recovery. Moreover, lipidomics and proteomics, from a metabolic perspective, further demonstrated the regulatory role of the composite biomaterial in myelin debris. Taken together, the composite biomaterial can effectively promote SCI recovery, which provides a novel insight for the treatment of SCI.