Radhadevi Latha, Bandaru Murthy, Yarragunta Yesobu, Beig Gufran, Rathod Aditi, Singh Siddhartha
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, NCL PO, Pune, India, 411008.
Environmental and Geophysical Sciences (ENGEOS) Lab, Earth Science Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Environ Monit Assess. 2025 Jun 26;197(7):812. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14243-8.
The impact of air pollution mitigation policies needs to be studied by evaluating long-term trends of lead pollutant to determine air quality index, the particulate matter (PM). A decade of SAFAR (System of Air quality and weather Forecasting And Research) observations revealed that the trend of particulate matter (PM) with size < 2.5 µm (PM) and size < 10 µm (PM), respectively, in a highly polluted global city, Delhi, shows a reduction of - 3.12 ± 0.52 µg/m/year (- 4.68 ± 0.84 µg/m/year) or overall, 28.8% (25.2%) reduction between 2011 and 2022 due to the implementation of eco-friendly technologies and strict industrial regulation despite doubling of number of vehicles. Seasonal negative trends during post-monsoon of PM (- 4.64 ± 2.68 µg/m/year) and PM (- 8.64 ± 2.68 µg/m/year) are significantly higher than that in other seasons. PM and PM show a relatively higher negative trend during winter (- 2.94 ± 1.08 µg/m/year) and pre-monsoon (- 4.86 ± 2.07 µg/m/year), respectively. The influence of dust storms, fire counts, and annual rainy days on PM trends is discussed. The contribution of meteorology to the trend is estimated using the WRF-Chem simulation of PM for October when maximum stubble burning occurs in Haryana and Punjab regions and gets transported to Delhi by upwind flow. The model is run for the post-monsoon month (October) with the meteorological initial conditions of 2018, 2015, and 2011 while keeping the emissions of 2018 with identical model configuration and found that meteorology contributes 9.8%, while the observed decline in PM is 28.8% during 2011-2022. The study identifies the governmental control measures at various levels and green initiatives as the significant contributors to air quality improvement during 2011-2022.
需要通过评估铅污染物的长期趋势来研究空气污染缓解政策的影响，以确定空气质量指数，即颗粒物（PM）。十年的 SAFAR（空气质量和天气预报与研究系统）观测结果显示，在全球污染严重的城市德里，粒径小于 2.5 微米（PM）和粒径小于 10 微米（PM）的颗粒物趋势分别显示出每年减少 -3.12 ± 0.52 微克/立方米（-4.68 ± 0.84 微克/立方米），总体而言，由于实施了环保技术和严格的工业监管，尽管车辆数量增加了一倍，但在 2011 年至 2022 年期间仍减少了 28.8%（25.2%）。季风后季节 PM（-4.64 ± 2.68 微克/立方米/年）和 PM（-8.64 ± 2.68 微克/立方米/年）的季节性负趋势明显高于其他季节。PM 和 PM 在冬季（-2.94 ± 1.08 微克/立方米/年）和季风前（-4.86 ± 2.07 微克/立方米/年）分别呈现相对较高的负趋势。讨论了沙尘暴、火灾次数和年降雨天数对 PM 趋势的影响。利用 WRF-Chem 对 10 月 PM 的模拟来估计气象因素对趋势的贡献，10 月是哈里亚纳邦和旁遮普邦地区秸秆焚烧量最大的时候，且会通过上风气流输送到德里。该模型在 2018 年、2015 年和 2011 年的气象初始条件下运行后季风月（10 月）的数据，同时保持 2018 年的排放量，采用相同的模型配置，发现气象因素的贡献为 9.8%，而在 2011 - 2022 年期间观测到的 PM 下降幅度为 28.8%。该研究确定了各级政府的控制措施和绿色倡议是 2011 - 2022 年期间空气质量改善的重要贡献因素。
