Vinakpon Guénnolé, Agboka Komi, Adehan Safiou Bienvenu, Mensah Serge Edgid Paulin, Mlaga Kodjo Gnatepe, Moustapha Issoufou Ahamidou, Talaki Essodina
Center d'Excellence Régional Sur Les Sciences Aviaires (CERSA), Université de Lomé (UL), 01 BP: 1515, Lomé, Togo.
Research Laboratory On Agroresources and Environmental Health (LARASE), University of Lomé(UL), 01 BP: 1515, Lomé, Togo.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2025 Jun 26;57(6):290. doi: 10.1007/s11250-025-04518-0.
Ectoparasites are pests that affect animals, particularly poultry. The presence of ectoparasites in birds affects their productivity and facilitates the transmission of pathogenic agents. This study aimed to explore the diversity of ectoparasites in laying hens, evaluate their prevalence, and analyse the environmental factors promoting the proliferation of ectoparasites. The study was conducted in three prefectures of the Maritime Region of Togo. A total of 576 Isa Brown laying hens were examined in three prefectures. This number was derived from ninety (90) Isa Brown layer farms equipped with an aviary. Each house contained an average of 500 laying hens. In each farm, the chosen house contained 26-week-old to 46-week-old birds selected at random, from which an average of 6 hens were chosen and examined. Ectoparasites were collected by freezing, direct ectoparasite sampling, leg scratching, and the weight of infested and non-infested birds. Ten (10) species of ectoparasites were identified, with an average infestation rate of 73.26%. The prevalence of acarid (59.54%) and louse (37.21%) parasitism was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than the prevalence of flea (03.25%) parasitism. The variation in the prevalence rate of each ectoparasite species was significantly (P < 0.0001) related to the locality. Dermanyssus gallinae and Menacanthus stamineus were the most prevalent species, with 100% and 70.23% prevalence rates, respectively. The length of time the litter remains in the house before being replaced during the laying season is the most important factor (P < 0.0001) favors the proliferation of ectoparasites. Laying hens are more infested by Dermanyssus gallinae and Menacanthus stamineus, and the duration of brood renewal is the most important factor in the proliferation of ectoparasites. Most ectoparasites proliferate when the temperature in poultry houses is above 28 °C and the humidity is above 47%. To effectively combat the adverse effects of these ectoparasites, research should focus on the vector-borne diseases they transmit to poultry.
体外寄生虫是影响动物尤其是家禽的害虫。鸟类体内存在体外寄生虫会影响其生产力，并促进病原体的传播。本研究旨在探索蛋鸡体外寄生虫的多样性，评估其流行程度，并分析促进体外寄生虫繁殖的环境因素。该研究在多哥滨海地区的三个省进行。在这三个省共检查了576只伊莎褐蛋鸡。这个数字来自配备有禽舍的90个伊莎褐蛋鸡养殖场。每个鸡舍平均有500只蛋鸡。在每个养殖场，所选鸡舍中包含随机挑选的26周龄至46周龄的鸡，从中平均挑选6只母鸡进行检查。通过冷冻、直接体外寄生虫采样、腿部抓挠以及感染和未感染鸟类的体重来收集体外寄生虫。鉴定出10种体外寄生虫，平均感染率为73.26%。螨（59.54%）和虱（37.21%）寄生的流行率显著高于跳蚤（3.25%）寄生的流行率（P < 0.0001）。每种体外寄生虫物种流行率的变化与地点显著相关（P < 0.0001）。鸡皮刺螨和鸡羽虱是最普遍的物种，流行率分别为100%和70.23%。产蛋季节垫料在鸡舍中更换前的留存时间是促进体外寄生虫繁殖的最重要因素（P < 0.0001）。蛋鸡更容易受到鸡皮刺螨和鸡羽虱的感染，育雏更新的持续时间是体外寄生虫繁殖的最重要因素。当家禽舍温度高于28℃且湿度高于47%时，大多数体外寄生虫会繁殖。为有效对抗这些体外寄生虫的不利影响，研究应聚焦于它们传播给家禽的媒介传播疾病。
