Vinakpon Guénnolé, Agboka Komi, Moustapha Issoufou Ahamidou, Mensah Serge Edgid Paulin, Mlaga Kodjo Gnatepe, Karou Simplice D
Regional Centre of Excellence in Avian Sciences (CERSA), University of Lomé (UL), P.O. Box 1515, Lomé, Togo; Laboratory of Agro-Resources and Environmental Health (LARASE), University of Lomé (UL), P.O. Box 1515, Lomé, Togo.
Laboratory of Agro-Resources and Environmental Health (LARASE), University of Lomé (UL), P.O. Box 1515, Lomé, Togo.
Poult Sci. 2025 Aug 18;104(11):105689. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105689.
One of the major causes of economic losses in layer hen farming in Togo is the infestation of these birds by hemoparasites.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hemoparasites in laying hens and assess their impact on hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters.
The study was conducted in southern Togo, specifically in the localities of Vo, Ave, and Golf. Fifty heavily parasitized Isa Brown laying hens, aged between 26 and 46 weeks, were selected. Blood samples were collected directly from the heart. Blood smears were made from drops of blood with unmeasured volume, air-dried, fixed with methanol, and stained using the rapid RAL 555 technique. The slides were examined under a light microscope at 100× magnification, followed by detailed observation under oil immersion at 1000× magnification.
Analysis revealed hematological, biochemical, and immunological alterations associated with hemoparasitic infections. Babesia spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. were identified using Soulsby's method (1982). Hematological analyses showed decreased red blood cell counts (RBC), which is 1.60 ± 0.71; 1.49 ± 0.49; 2.82 ± 0.28 respectively in bird infested by Babesia spp. (Ba), Leucocytozoon spp. (Leu) and Uninfected (Ni). In other hand, Reduced hematocrit levels (Leu = 31.03 ± 6.34; 23.25 ± 3.76) in infected hens was noted. Differential leukocyte counts revealed monocytosis, lymphocytosis, and eosinophilia. Biochemical analysis of collected serum samples indicated significant differences (p = 0.03; p = 0.008) in serum protein levels and Aspartate Aminotransférase (AST) between infected and uninfected birds. Immunological assays also showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) in beta- and gamma-globulin concentrations between the two groups. Furthermore, significant variation (p = 0.027) in the density of Babesia spp. (1.31) and Leucocytozoon spp. (0.78) was observed among infected hens.
These findings offer helpful physiological markers for early detection and emphasize the significance of hemoparasitic infections in the decline of laying hen health. Integrating these findings into management practices could optimize health-related decision-making and reduce economic losses in poultry farming.
多哥蛋鸡养殖经济损失的主要原因之一是这些鸡受到血液寄生虫的侵扰。
本研究旨在确定蛋鸡血液寄生虫的流行情况，并评估其对血液学、生化和免疫学参数的影响。
研究在多哥南部进行，具体地点为沃、阿韦和高尔夫地区。选取了50只严重寄生的伊萨褐蛋鸡，年龄在26至46周之间。直接从心脏采集血样。用未测量体积的血滴制作血涂片，空气干燥，用甲醇固定，并采用快速RAL 555技术染色。在100倍放大倍数下用光学显微镜检查玻片，随后在1000倍油镜下进行详细观察。
分析揭示了与血液寄生虫感染相关的血液学、生化和免疫学改变。使用索尔兹比方法（1982年）鉴定出巴贝斯虫属和白细胞虫属。血液学分析显示红细胞计数（RBC）降低，感染巴贝斯虫属（Ba）、白细胞虫属（Leu）和未感染（Ni）的鸡的红细胞计数分别为1.60±0.71、1.49±0.49、2.82±0.28。另一方面，注意到感染母鸡的血细胞比容水平降低（Leu = 31.03±6.34；23.25±3.76）。白细胞分类计数显示单核细胞增多、淋巴细胞增多和嗜酸性粒细胞增多。对采集的血清样本进行生化分析表明，感染鸡和未感染鸡之间血清蛋白水平和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）存在显著差异（p = 0.03；p = 0.008）。免疫学检测还显示两组之间β-球蛋白和γ-球蛋白浓度存在显著差异（p≤0.０01）。此外，观察到感染母鸡中巴贝斯虫属（1.31）和白细胞虫属（0.78）的密度存在显著差异（p = 0.027）。
这些发现为早期检测提供了有用的生理指标，并强调了血液寄生虫感染对蛋鸡健康下降的重要性。将这些发现纳入管理实践可以优化与健康相关的决策，并减少家禽养殖中的经济损失。
