Abbaszadegan Abbas, Rafiee Zeinab, Asheghi Bahar, Gholami Ahmad
Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 26;20(6):e0325430. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0325430. eCollection 2025.
Tooth discoloration caused by intracanal medicaments and irrigants presents a significant aesthetic challenge in dentistry. This study aimed to investigate the discoloration effects on tooth of nanographene oxide and positively charged silver nanoparticles and compares them with other commonly used materials in endodontic treatment. A total of 108 single-rooted, single-canal anterior mandibular and maxillary premolar teeth, extracted for orthodontic or periodontal reasons, were selected and prepared. The specimens were randomly divided into seven experimental groups and two control groups, each containing 12 samples. The experimental groups included three irrigants: nanographene oxide, sodium hypochlorite, and positively charged silver nanoparticles. The four medicament groups were nanographene oxide-carboxymethyl cellulose, positively charged silver nanoparticles-carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium hydroxide, and carboxymethyl cellulose. The control groups consisted of normal saline and blood. Discoloration was assessed at five time points: before material placement (T0), immediately after placement (T1), one week later (T2), one month later (T3), and three months later (T4). Spectrophotometric analysis was used to measure discoloration, and the ∆E values were statistically analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests. After three months, no statistically significant difference in discoloration was observed among the irrigants (P > 0.05). However, the highest degree of discoloration was found in the silver nanoparticles group. Significant differences in ∆E values were noted between the normal saline group and both the silver nanoparticles (P = 0.001) and blood (P = 0.007) groups. Among the intracanal medicaments, a significant difference in ∆E values was observed between the carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium hydroxide groups (P = 0.005) at the final three-month examination. No significant differences were found among the other groups (P > 0.05). Nanographene oxide, used as both an irrigant and medicament, does not cause more discoloration than other commonly used materials in endodontic treatment. Therefore, it can be considered a viable alternative to traditional endodontic materials.
根管内药物和冲洗剂导致的牙齿变色是牙科领域一个重大的美学挑战。本研究旨在调查氧化石墨烯纳米颗粒和带正电荷的银纳米颗粒对牙齿的变色影响，并将它们与牙髓治疗中其他常用材料进行比较。共选取108颗因正畸或牙周原因拔除的下颌前牙和上颌前磨牙单根单根管牙齿并进行预备。将标本随机分为七个实验组和两个对照组，每组包含12个样本。实验组包括三种冲洗剂：氧化石墨烯纳米颗粒、次氯酸钠和带正电荷的银纳米颗粒。四个药物组分别为氧化石墨烯纳米颗粒-羧甲基纤维素、带正电荷的银纳米颗粒-羧甲基纤维素、氢氧化钙和羧甲基纤维素。对照组由生理盐水和血液组成。在五个时间点评估变色情况：材料放置前（T0）、放置后即刻（T1）、一周后（T2）、一个月后（T3）和三个月后（T4）。采用分光光度分析测量变色情况，使用重复测量方差分析和Tukey事后检验对∆E值进行统计学分析。三个月后，各冲洗剂之间在变色方面未观察到统计学显著差异（P＞0.05）。然而，银纳米颗粒组中发现的变色程度最高。生理盐水组与银纳米颗粒组（P = 0.001）和血液组（P = 0.007）之间的∆E值存在显著差异。在根管内药物中，在最后的三个月检查中，羧甲基纤维素组和氢氧化钙组之间的∆E值存在显著差异（P = 0.005）。其他组之间未发现显著差异（P＞0.05）。氧化石墨烯纳米颗粒作为冲洗剂和药物使用时，在牙髓治疗中不会比其他常用材料导致更多的牙齿变色。因此，它可被视为传统牙髓材料的一个可行替代品。
