Savigni Elettra, Girometti Elisa, Sisti Laura, Benstoem Frank, Pinelli Davide, Frascari Dario
Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
ATD GmbH, Krefelder Straße 147, D-52070 Aachen, Germany.
Molecules. 2025 Jun 10;30(12):2533. doi: 10.3390/molecules30122533.
The removal of pharmaceutical contaminants like the anticonvulsant carbamazepine (CBZ) from water sources is a growing environmental challenge. This study explores the development of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) tailored for CBZ adsorption using a bulk polymerization approach. Initially, this study focused on selecting the optimal cross-linker, comparing a trifunctional (trimethylolpropane triacrylate, TRIM) and a bifunctional cross-linker (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, EGDMA) in combination with two common monomers (2-vinylpyridine and methacrylic acid). TRIM-based MIPs demonstrated superior adsorption efficiency and stability due to their higher cross-linking density. To improve sustainability, six bio-based monomers were investigated; of these, eugenol (EUG) and coumaric acid (COU) showed the best CBZ affinity due to π-π interactions and hydrogen bonding. Adsorption tests conducted in pharmaceutical-spiked real wastewater demonstrated that MIPs exhibit a high selectivity for CBZ over other pharmaceuticals like the anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBU), even at high concentrations. Reaction conditions were further optimized by adjusting the reaction time and the ratio between reagents to enhance selectivity and adsorption performance. These results highlight the potential of bio-based MIPs as efficient and selective materials for the removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from wastewater.
从水源中去除抗惊厥药物卡马西平（CBZ）等药物污染物是一项日益严峻的环境挑战。本研究探索了采用本体聚合法制备用于吸附CBZ的分子印迹聚合物（MIP）。最初，本研究着重于选择最佳交联剂，比较三官能团交联剂（三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯，TRIM）和双官能团交联剂（乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯，EGDMA）与两种常见单体（2-乙烯基吡啶和甲基丙烯酸）的组合。基于TRIM的MIP由于其较高的交联密度而表现出优异的吸附效率和稳定性。为提高可持续性，研究了六种生物基单体；其中，丁香酚（EUG）和香豆酸（COU）由于π-π相互作用和氢键作用而对CBZ表现出最佳亲和力。在添加了药物的实际废水中进行的吸附试验表明，即使在高浓度下，MIP对CBZ的选择性也高于其他药物，如抗炎药双氯芬酸（DCF）和布洛芬（IBU）。通过调整反应时间和试剂比例进一步优化反应条件，以提高选择性和吸附性能。这些结果突出了生物基MIP作为从废水中去除药物污染物的高效且选择性材料的潜力。
