Shahin Suliman Y, Nassar Essam A, Gad Mohammed M
Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Jun 10;18(12):2727. doi: 10.3390/ma18122727.
This study aimed to present a new application of 3D printing technology for crowns integrated with orthodontic brackets as one unit and to assess the strength of the bonded groups and the one-unit printed group. A total of 60 lateral incisors with brackets were obtained and allocated into two main groups: bonded groups and one-unit group. For the bonded groups, there were 40 specimens (20 conventionally fabricated crowns and 20 3D-printed crowns with bonded brackets), while for the one-unit group, there were 20 3D-printed crowns and brackets fabricated as one unit. One lateral incisor and one with a bracket were scanned, forming STL files for designing and printing 3D-printed specimens (20 without, 20 with brackets). Half of the specimens (30, = 10) were thermocycled (5000 cycles). A universal testing machine was used for the bond strength (MPa) measurement, followed by analysis of the debonded areas and failure mode (adhesive, cohesive, or mixed). ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey's test were used for analysis of the collected data (α = 0.05). The 3D-printed one-unit group significantly showed high strength compared with the bonded brackets ( < 0.001). The 3D-printed bracket showed the highest SBS (10.14 ± 1.93 MPa). After thermocycling, the bond strength of the bonded brackets significantly decreased ( < 0.001). The adhesive failure was dominant in the bonded groups, while the one-unit group exhibited all the fractures in the brackets. The introduced technique for producing a one-unit 3D-printed provisional crown integrated with orthodontic brackets is considered a clinically plausible option in contemporary orthodontic practice. However, further investigations are recommended to verify the findings of the present study before clinical implementation.
本研究旨在展示3D打印技术在将正畸托槽与牙冠整合为一个整体方面的新应用，并评估粘结组和一体式打印组的强度。共获取60颗带有托槽的侧切牙，并分为两个主要组：粘结组和一体式组。对于粘结组，有40个样本（20个传统制作的牙冠和20个带有粘结托槽的3D打印牙冠），而对于一体式组，有20个作为一个整体制作的3D打印牙冠和托槽。扫描一颗侧切牙和一颗带有托槽的牙齿，形成STL文件用于设计和打印3D打印样本（20个不带托槽，20个带托槽）。一半的样本（30个，每组10个）进行热循环（5000次循环）。使用万能试验机测量粘结强度（MPa），随后分析脱粘区域和失效模式（粘结、内聚或混合）。使用方差分析和事后Tukey检验对收集的数据进行分析（α = 0.05）。与粘结托槽相比，3D打印一体式组的强度显著更高（P < 0.001）。3D打印托槽显示出最高的剪切粘结强度（10.14 ± 1.93 MPa）。热循环后，粘结托槽的粘结强度显著降低（P < 0.001）。粘结组中粘结失效占主导，而一体式组中所有骨折均发生在托槽处。在当代正畸实践中，所引入的用于制作与正畸托槽整合的一体式3D打印临时牙冠的技术被认为是一种临床上可行的选择。然而，建议在临床实施之前进行进一步研究以验证本研究的结果。
