Górecka Wiktoria, Berezovska Daria, Mrozińska Monika, Nowicka Grażyna, Czerwińska Monika E
Student Scientific Association, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
Pharmaceutics. 2025 Jun 11;17(6):768. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17060768.
The discovery of new drugs offers valuable alternatives, particularly for treating diseases that are resistant to existing therapies or involving complex, multi-organ conditions such as metabolic syndrome. Although treatment algorithms are generally well established and primarily based on synthetic pharmaceuticals, they are increasingly being supplemented by biological and biosimilar agents. This trend is particularly evident in the development and advancement of anti-diabetic and hypolipemic therapies. This review explores advances in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], diabetes, and obesity associated with metabolic syndrome. It focuses mainly on biopharmaceuticals such as proteins and nucleotide-based drugs (antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA), but also on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors classified as incretin drugs along with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues. Due to the substantial role of SGLT-2 (sodium/glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors in novel diabetes therapies, especially for managing cardiovascular risk, this group of compounds was also included in this review. Many clinical data in the field of effectiveness of biopharmaceuticals in metabolic disorders are provided. Therefore, in this review, we mainly include a brief history of drug development and approval, first synthesis and structure modifications, which relevantly influence pharmacokinetics, and safety. We provide only brief comparison of biological drugs with metformin and sulphonylureas derivatives. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar are searched for the period between 2000 and 2024.
新药的发现提供了有价值的替代方案，特别是用于治疗对现有疗法耐药的疾病或涉及复杂多器官病症（如代谢综合征）的疾病。尽管治疗算法通常已确立，且主要基于合成药物，但越来越多地由生物制剂和生物类似药进行补充。这种趋势在抗糖尿病和降血脂疗法的开发和进展中尤为明显。本综述探讨了与代谢综合征相关的高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、脂蛋白(a) [Lp(a)]升高、糖尿病和肥胖症的治疗进展。它主要关注生物制药，如蛋白质和基于核苷酸的药物（反义寡核苷酸、小干扰RNA），也关注被归类为肠促胰岛素药物的二肽基肽酶-4 (DPP-4)抑制剂以及胰高血糖素样肽-1 (GLP-1)类似物。由于钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2 (SGLT-2)抑制剂在新型糖尿病治疗中，特别是在管理心血管风险方面发挥着重要作用，这组化合物也被纳入本综述。提供了生物制药在代谢紊乱领域有效性的许多临床数据。因此，在本综述中，我们主要包括药物开发和批准的简史、首次合成和结构修饰，这些对药代动力学和安全性有相关影响。我们仅简要比较了生物药物与二甲双胍和磺脲类衍生物。检索了PubMed、Scopus和谷歌学术等数据库在2000年至2024年期间的文献。
