Jadhav Ashirwad, Nagaraj Karuppiah
Department of Sports Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Kanchipuram-Chennai Rd, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
Biomedical & Nano-Drug Formulation Laboratory, Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Kanchipuram-Chennai Rd, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
Pharmaceutics. 2025 Jun 13;17(6):779. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17060779.
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Its treatment is complicated by molecular heterogeneity and the frequent development of multidrug resistance (MDR). Conventional drug delivery approaches are often limited by poor aqueous solubility, rapid systemic clearance, non-specific biodistribution, and off-target toxicity. This review will critically explore the possibility of surfactant-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) in addressing the constraints of standard breast cancer treatments. It focuses on the mechanisms by which surfactants promote solubility, facilitate cellular uptake, and overcome drug resistance, while also analyzing current therapeutic success and future directions. A thorough review of preclinical and clinical investigations was undertaken, focusing on important surfactant-based DDSs such as polymeric micelles, nanoemulsions, liposomes, and self-emulsifying systems (SEDDSs). Mechanistic insights into surfactant functions, such as membrane permeabilization and efflux pump inhibition, were studied alongside delivery systems incorporating ligands and co-loaded medicines. Pluronic micelles, TPGS-based systems, biosurfactant-stabilized nanoparticles, and lipid-based carrier surfactant platforms improve medication solubility, stability, and delivery. Genexol are examples of formulations demonstrating effective use and FDA translational potential. These systems now incorporate stimuli-responsive release mechanisms-such as pH, temperature, redox, immuno- and photodynamic treatment-artificial intelligence treatment design, and tailored treatment advancement, and responsive tailoring. Surfactant-enabled DDSs can improve breast cancer care. Innovative approaches for personalized oncology treatment are countered by the enduring challenges of toxicity, regulatory hurdles, and diminished scalability.
乳腺癌仍然是全球女性癌症相关发病和死亡的主要原因。其治疗因分子异质性和多药耐药性（MDR）的频繁出现而变得复杂。传统的药物递送方法常常受到水溶性差、全身清除快、非特异性生物分布和脱靶毒性的限制。本综述将批判性地探讨基于表面活性剂的药物递送系统（DDSs）在解决标准乳腺癌治疗限制方面的可能性。它聚焦于表面活性剂促进溶解、促进细胞摄取和克服耐药性的机制，同时分析当前的治疗成果和未来方向。对临床前和临床研究进行了全面综述，重点关注重要的基于表面活性剂的DDSs，如聚合物胶束、纳米乳液、脂质体和自乳化系统（SEDDSs）。研究了表面活性剂功能的机制见解，如膜通透性和外排泵抑制，以及结合配体和共载药物的递送系统。普朗尼克胶束、基于TPGS的系统、生物表面活性剂稳定的纳米颗粒和基于脂质的载体表面活性剂平台可提高药物的溶解度、稳定性和递送效果。Genexol等制剂展示了有效应用和FDA转化潜力。这些系统现在纳入了刺激响应释放机制，如pH、温度、氧化还原、免疫和光动力治疗、人工智能治疗设计以及定制治疗进展和响应定制。基于表面活性剂的DDSs可改善乳腺癌治疗。个性化肿瘤治疗的创新方法面临着毒性、监管障碍和可扩展性降低等持久挑战。
