Multz Rachel A, Jamshidi Pouya, Ahrendsen Jared T
Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
J Pathol Transl Med. 2025 Jul;59(4):203-213. doi: 10.4132/jptm.2025.05.20. Epub 2025 Jun 27.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. It is a chronic disorder resulting in neurologic dysfunction that is disseminated both in time (multiple discrete episodes) and space (involving multiple sites). Histologically, MS is characterized by localized loss of myelin with relative preservation of axons. This review will discuss the epidemiology, clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and pathologic features of multiple sclerosis, as well as briefly touch on the differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease, especially as they relate to the pathologic interpretation of tissue specimens.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种中枢神经系统的免疫介导性脱髓鞘疾病。它是一种慢性疾病，可导致神经功能障碍，这种障碍在时间上（多个离散发作）和空间上（涉及多个部位）均有分布。在组织学上，MS的特征是髓鞘局部缺失而轴突相对保留。本综述将讨论多发性硬化症的流行病学、临床、实验室、放射学和病理学特征，并简要提及该疾病的鉴别诊断、治疗和预后，尤其是与组织标本的病理学解释相关的内容。
