Meza José S, Ibañez-Palacios Jorge, Cardenas-Enriquez Daisy P, Luis-Alvares Juan H, Liedo Pablo
Programa Operativo de Moscas, SADER/SENASICA-IICA, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, México.
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
Insect Sci. 2025 Jun 27. doi: 10.1111/1744-7917.70105.
Anastrepha ludens (Loew) is controlled in Mexico using sterile insect technique (SIT). SIT relies primarily on mass-reared insects, which are subjected to the effects of selection during colonization and rearing, and that frequently result in modifications of their biology and behavior. Here, we propose and evaluate a novel "bi-environmental cage" for colony management which promotes more natural sexual selection. The cage allows each sex to reach sexual maturity in separate compartments acclimatized according to natural conditions. Females mature in areas where they can recognize oviposition sites, while males mature in areas populated with small trees to allow establishment of territories in leks and performance of courtship behaviors. To determine whether the bi-environmental cage can minimize the potential adverse effects on mating competitiveness, two strains of A. ludens were tested; wild flies strain and genetic sexing strain Tapachula 7 (mass-reared flies). We found that after 4 generations in the mass-reared flies in the bi-environmental cage showed a level of fecundity similar to that of flies from the conventional cage. A similar pattern was also seen in the case of wild flies in both types of cages. In addition, other biological attributes of the wild strain assessed over six generations showed adaptability to mass-rearing conditions. Wild males from the bi-environmental cages were more sexually competitive than those from the conventional cage. Our results show that it is possible to mitigate many of the detrimental effects of domestication on the sexual performance of mass-reared males by using close-to-natural conditions for colony management.
在墨西哥，利用不育昆虫技术（SIT）对墨西哥按实蝇（Anastrepha ludens (Loew)）进行防治。SIT主要依赖大量饲养的昆虫，这些昆虫在定殖和饲养过程中会受到选择作用的影响，这常常导致其生物学特性和行为发生改变。在此，我们提出并评估一种用于种群管理的新型“双环境笼”，它能促进更自然的性选择。该笼子允许雌雄两性在根据自然条件适应的单独隔间中达到性成熟。雌性在能够识别产卵地点的区域成熟，而雄性在有小树的区域成熟，以便在求偶场中建立领地并进行求偶行为。为了确定双环境笼是否能将对交配竞争力的潜在不利影响降至最低，对墨西哥按实蝇的两个品系进行了测试；野生蝇品系和遗传性别品系塔帕丘拉7（大量饲养的蝇）。我们发现，在双环境笼中大量饲养的蝇经过4代后，其繁殖力水平与传统笼中的蝇相似。在两种类型的笼子中，野生蝇也呈现出类似的模式。此外，对野生品系连续六代评估的其他生物学特性表明其对大量饲养条件具有适应性。来自双环境笼的野生雄性比来自传统笼的更具性竞争力。我们的结果表明，通过使用接近自然的条件进行种群管理，可以减轻驯化对大量饲养雄性的性行为产生的许多有害影响。
