Abada Emad, Mashraqi Abdullah, Modafer Yosra, Alshammari Shifaa O
Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Environment and Nature Research Centre, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Microb Pathog. 2025 Sep;206:107819. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107819. Epub 2025 Jun 25.
Antibiotic resistance in foodborne bacteria is a growing public health concern, particularly in fresh produce. This study evaluates multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) isolated from spoiled zucchini, cucumber, and potato collected from Sabia, Abu Arish, and Samta in the Jazan region. Bacterial isolates were cultured on MacConkey and Mannitol salt agar, followed by Gram staining to identify three Gram-negative (KMcS, CMcA, PMcSa) and three Gram-positive (KMS, CMA, PMSa) isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed against Penicillin (P), Streptomycin (S), Cefotaxime (CTX), Chloramphenicol (C), Ofloxacin (OF), and Erythromycin (E). The inhibition zones varied across antibiotics, with Ofloxacin exhibiting the largest inhibition zones (40-50 mm) and Cefotaxime and Erythromycin showing the weakest inhibition (≤14 mm). The Resistance Index (RI), which represents the proportion of antibiotics with no inhibition, ranged from 0.2 (moderate resistance) to 0.6 (high resistance in the PMcSa isolate). ANOVA (p ≈ 6.95e-08) confirmed significant differences in inhibition zones across antibiotics, while Tukey's HSD test showed that Ofloxacin was significantly more effective than both Cefotaxime (p = 0.0005) and Erythromycin (p = 0.0035). Correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations between resistance to Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin, and Ofloxacin (r > 0.7), suggesting potential cross-resistance mechanisms. Hierarchical clustering and KMeans analysis (K = 3) grouped bacterial isolates based on their resistance patterns, while PCA visualization distinguished Ofloxacin-sensitive and multidrug-resistant isolates. The findings highlight an urgent need for targeted antibiotic stewardship programs, especially in agricultural practices, to limit the overuse of antibiotics. Additionally, enhanced sanitation measures during food handling and real-time monitoring of bacterial contamination in the food supply chain could significantly reduce the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from farm to table.
食源细菌中的抗生素耐药性日益引起公众对健康的关注，尤其是在新鲜农产品方面。本研究评估了从宰赫兰地区塞比亚、阿布阿里什和萨姆塔采集的变质西葫芦、黄瓜和土豆中分离出的多重耐药菌（MDRB）。将细菌分离株接种在麦康凯和甘露醇盐琼脂上培养，然后进行革兰氏染色，以鉴定出三株革兰氏阴性菌（KMcS、CMcA、PMcSa）和三株革兰氏阳性菌（KMS、CMA、PMSa）。针对青霉素（P）、链霉素（S）、头孢噻肟（CTX）、氯霉素（C）、氧氟沙星（OF）和红霉素（E）进行了抗生素敏感性测试。不同抗生素的抑菌圈大小各异，其中氧氟沙星的抑菌圈最大（40 - 50毫米），头孢噻肟和红霉素的抑菌作用最弱（≤14毫米）。耐药指数（RI）代表无抑菌作用的抗生素比例，范围从0.2（中度耐药）到0.6（PMcSa分离株中的高度耐药）。方差分析（p≈6.95e - 08）证实了不同抗生素的抑菌圈存在显著差异，而Tukey's HSD检验表明氧氟沙星比头孢噻肟（p = 0.0005）和红霉素（p = 0.0035）的效果显著更好。相关性分析显示，对氯霉素、链霉素和氧氟沙星的耐药性之间存在强正相关（r > 0.7），表明可能存在潜在的交叉耐药机制。层次聚类和KMeans分析（K = 3）根据细菌分离株的耐药模式进行分组，而主成分分析可视化区分了对氧氟沙星敏感和多重耐药的分离株。研究结果凸显了迫切需要制定有针对性的抗生素管理计划，特别是在农业实践中，以限制抗生素的过度使用。此外，在食品处理过程中加强卫生措施以及对食品供应链中的细菌污染进行实时监测，可显著减少抗生素耐药菌从农场到餐桌的传播。
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