Zhong Lixiang, Chen Xiaoli, Zhang Menghuan, Lin Mingfu, Wang Jun, Huang Yumei
University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511457, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2025 Jun 27;47(8):289. doi: 10.1007/s10653-025-02605-7.
As emerging pollutants prevalent in environments and biota, tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) and microplastics (MPs) are harmful to aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, the combined toxicity of TnBP and MPs to aquatic organisms at environmental concentrations is still unknown. In this study, the co-toxic effects of both TnBP and micro/nano-polystyrene (MNPS) in Daphnia magna (D. magna) at environmental relevant concentrations were investigated for the first time. The results suggested that after 21 days of exposure to TnBP (1 μg/L) and MNPS (1 mg/L) alone or in combination, the expression of genes associated with growth and reproduction significantly decreased compared to the control group (p < 0.05), suggesting that MNPS and TnBP exerted growth and reproductive toxicity to D. magna. Moreover, the co-exposure group had lower gene expression levels compared to the single exposure group, implying that combined exposure could exacerbate toxicity impacts on D. magna's development and reproduction. The activities of enzymes related to oxidative stress and MDA levels in co-exposed group were higher than those in TnBP group, indicating that the MNPS enhanced TnBP-induced oxidative damage to D. magna. In addition, NPS might have caused greater oxidative stress and damage to D. magna than MPS, as higher enzyme activities and MDA levels were observed in the NPS groups. This study provided important information for a comprehensive understanding of the combined aquatic toxicity of MNPS and TnBP at environmental concentrations.
作为环境和生物群中普遍存在的新兴污染物，磷酸三丁酯（TnBP）和微塑料（MPs）对水生生物有害。然而，环境浓度下TnBP和MPs对水生生物的联合毒性仍然未知。在本研究中，首次研究了环境相关浓度下TnBP和微/纳米聚苯乙烯（MNPS）对大型溞（D. magna）的联合毒性作用。结果表明，单独或联合暴露于TnBP（1μg/L）和MNPS（1mg/L）21天后，与对照组相比，与生长和繁殖相关的基因表达显著降低（p<0.05），这表明MNPS和TnBP对大型溞具有生长和生殖毒性。此外，联合暴露组的基因表达水平低于单一暴露组，这意味着联合暴露会加剧对大型溞发育和繁殖的毒性影响。联合暴露组中与氧化应激相关的酶活性和MDA水平高于TnBP组，这表明MNPS增强了TnBP对大型溞的氧化损伤。此外，由于在NPS组中观察到更高的酶活性和MDA水平，NPS可能比MPS对大型溞造成更大的氧化应激和损伤。本研究为全面了解环境浓度下MNPS和TnBP的联合水生毒性提供了重要信息。
