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审视实施科学在自闭症干预研究中的应用:一项范围综述。

Examining the use of implementation science in autism intervention research: A scoping review.

作者信息

Lee James D, Terol Adriana Kaori, Tschida Jessica E, Pomales-Ramos Anamiguel, McEathron Scott, Wallisch Anna, A Boyd Brian

机构信息

The University of Texas at Austin, USA.

University of California, Davis, USA.

出版信息

Autism. 2025 Jun 28:13623613251351344. doi: 10.1177/13623613251351344.


DOI:10.1177/13623613251351344
PMID:40579938
Abstract

Although the field of autism intervention has strived to identify evidence-based practices, translating these interventions into real-world settings remains a significant challenge. This gap particularly impacts marginalized communities, where access to and quality of services are often inferior. Implementation science addresses these gaps by promoting the adoption and integration of evidence-based practices in community-based settings, thereby helping reduce disparities. While various frameworks and strategies have emerged to guide the successful implementation of autism evidence-based practices, the application of implementation science within autism intervention research remains underexplored. To address this gap, we conducted this scoping review that included 13 studies to examine how implementation science is applied in autism intervention research delivered in community-based settings. Specifically, we aimed to (1) describe the characteristics of implementation-focused studies (e.g. study design, participant types, intervention contexts); (2) examine how implementation frameworks, strategies, and outcomes were used to guide and evaluate intervention efforts; and (3) analyze how studies align with phases of the autism-specific implementation framework developed by Boyd et al. (). Most studies were conducted in school settings. Fidelity was the most frequently assessed implementation outcome, while acceptability, adoption, and appropriateness were also commonly measured. Nearly all studies focused on early-phase implementation (e.g. exploration, initial implementation), with limited attention to sustainment or scale-up. The findings offer a starting point for future research to better implement autism evidence-based practices in community settings.Lay AbstractThis study looks at ways to improve how autism support programs are used in everyday community settings like schools and clinics. These programs are approaches that research has shown can help autistic individuals develop important skills, such as communication, social interaction, and managing behavior. Many of these are psychosocial programs, which means they focus on emotional, social, and behavioral support rather than medication or medical treatment. However, there is a challenge in implementing these interventions in real-world settings, especially in marginalized communities where services are often lacking or lower in quality. The field of implementation science helps bridge this gap by guiding and encouraging the use of evidence-based practices in community settings, aiming to reduce disparities. To better understand this, we did a scoping review that included 13 studies that used implementation science to support autism interventions. We looked at what types of strategies were used, how success was measured, and how well the programs fit into the communities where they were used. Most of the studies took place in schools and involved teachers, school staff, or caregivers of autistic children-altogether including data from 3488 participants. These studies tested different programs to improve outcomes of autistic individuals, such as social skills, communication, and behavior in schools.

摘要

尽管自闭症干预领域一直在努力确定循证实践方法,但将这些干预措施应用于现实环境仍然是一项重大挑战。这一差距对边缘化社区的影响尤为严重,这些社区往往难以获得高质量的服务。实施科学通过促进在社区环境中采用和整合循证实践方法来解决这些差距,从而有助于减少差异。虽然已经出现了各种框架和策略来指导自闭症循证实践的成功实施,但实施科学在自闭症干预研究中的应用仍未得到充分探索。为了填补这一空白,我们进行了这项范围综述,纳入了13项研究,以考察实施科学如何应用于在社区环境中开展的自闭症干预研究。具体而言,我们旨在:(1)描述以实施为重点的研究的特征(如研究设计、参与者类型、干预背景);(2)考察实施框架、策略和结果如何用于指导和评估干预工作;(3)分析研究与博伊德等人制定的自闭症特定实施框架的各阶段的契合程度。大多数研究是在学校环境中进行的。保真度是最常评估的实施结果,而可接受性、采用率和适宜性也经常被衡量。几乎所有研究都集中在早期实施阶段(如探索、初步实施),对维持或扩大规模的关注有限。这些发现为未来研究在社区环境中更好地实施自闭症循证实践提供了一个起点。

摘要 本研究探讨了如何改进自闭症支持项目在学校和诊所等日常社区环境中的应用方式。这些项目是经研究证明有助于自闭症患者培养重要技能的方法,如沟通、社交互动和行为管理。其中许多是心理社会项目,这意味着它们侧重于情感、社交和行为支持,而非药物或医学治疗。然而,在现实环境中实施这些干预措施存在挑战,尤其是在服务往往匮乏或质量较低的边缘化社区。实施科学领域通过指导和鼓励在社区环境中使用循证实践方法来弥合这一差距,旨在减少差异。为了更好地理解这一点,我们进行了一项范围综述,纳入了13项使用实施科学来支持自闭症干预的研究。我们研究了使用了哪些类型的策略、如何衡量成功以及这些项目在其应用社区中的适配程度。大多数研究在学校进行,涉及教师、学校工作人员或自闭症儿童的照顾者——总共包括来自3488名参与者的数据。这些研究测试了不同的项目,以改善自闭症患者在学校的社交技能、沟通和行为等方面的结果。

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