Nava L C, Laura P A
J Biomed Eng. 1985 Oct;7(4):329-33. doi: 10.1016/0141-5425(85)90065-2.
The design of crutches and walking sticks to assist the disabled has not varied much since their original conception, some 5000 years ago. From an engineering viewpoint one must consider crutches and walking sticks as dynamic mechanical systems which alleviate a disability; they may act as supports, help the user to recover from stumbling, or transmit from the arms, the energy required to lift the feet from the ground, an action not provided by artificial ankle joints. We describe some dynamic walking aids recently developed at the Instituto de Mecánica Aplicada, and discuss their design and our experience with their use. They are adjustable in height, shock absorbing and have non-slipping tips. Specially developed aids have been designed for children; they are versatile and their use has been made psychologically attractive.
自大约5000年前最初构思以来，用于帮助残疾人的拐杖和手杖的设计变化不大。从工程学角度来看，必须将拐杖和手杖视为减轻残疾的动态机械系统；它们可以作为支撑，帮助使用者避免绊倒，或者从手臂传递将脚从地面抬起所需的能量，而这是人工踝关节无法提供的动作。我们描述了应用力学研究所最近开发的一些动态助行器，并讨论了它们的设计以及我们使用它们的经验。它们高度可调节、具有减震功能且尖端防滑。还专门为儿童开发了助行器；它们用途广泛，在心理上也更具吸引力。
