Liu Shanshan, Hu Nanlin, Hu Jiawang, Li Wenting, Wu Shikai, Ma Xiaoyan, Huo Yi-Xin, Lu Yuan
Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
ACS Nano. 2025 Jul 15;19(27):25363-25384. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5c06893. Epub 2025 Jun 28.
Noninvasive odor sensing is important in environmental monitoring and medical diagnosis. The two-dimensional material MXene is widely used due to its unique sensing properties but has limitations in specifically recognizing a certain gas. This study developed a bioinspired biosensor array (BBA) whose core mechanism involved programming MXene sensing interfaces through DNA base sequences to mimic molecular recognition principles of biological olfactory receptors. Integrated with machine learning algorithms, the BBA achieved preliminary identification of cancer patients by detecting exhaled gas samples from different populations. Starting from DNA molecular length, base type, and chemical modification, different DNAs were prepared and screened by orthogonal experiments to obtain five DNA/MXene composite biosensing materials with excellent sensing properties. Combined with pure MXene, a Six-channel bioinspired biosensor Array(6C-BBA) was established, and a neural network algorithm was utilized for the preliminary validation of the real odor molecules of fruits. Finally, the high-performance 6C-BBA was used to detect breath samples from stomach cancer patients, lung cancer patients, intestinal cancer patients, and healthy people, and the array showed 86.3, 94.1, 89.5, and 86.3% accuracy. This study could offer a specific method for advanced biosensor development and reveal important applications in early noninvasive recognition of diseases.
非侵入式气味传感在环境监测和医学诊断中具有重要意义。二维材料MXene因其独特的传感特性而被广泛应用，但在特异性识别某种气体方面存在局限性。本研究开发了一种受生物启发的生物传感器阵列（BBA），其核心机制是通过DNA碱基序列对MXene传感界面进行编程，以模拟生物嗅觉受体的分子识别原理。与机器学习算法相结合，该BBA通过检测不同人群的呼出气体样本，实现了对癌症患者的初步识别。从DNA分子长度、碱基类型和化学修饰出发，制备了不同的DNA，并通过正交实验进行筛选，得到了五种具有优异传感性能的DNA/MXene复合生物传感材料。结合纯MXene，建立了六通道受生物启发的生物传感器阵列（6C-BBA），并利用神经网络算法对水果的真实气味分子进行了初步验证。最后，使用高性能的6C-BBA检测胃癌患者、肺癌患者、肠癌患者和健康人的呼吸样本，该阵列的准确率分别为86.3%、94.1%、89.5%和86.3%。本研究可为先进生物传感器的开发提供一种具体方法，并揭示其在疾病早期非侵入性识别中的重要应用。
