Bozdemir Nazlican, Kablan Tuba, Biyikli Efe, Cinar Ozgur, Uysal Fatma
Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Medipol University School of Medicine, 06050, Altindag, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06080, Altindag, Ankara, Turkey.
Histochem Cell Biol. 2025 Jun 28;163(1):70. doi: 10.1007/s00418-025-02398-x.
The success of both oogenesis and early embryo development relies heavily on dynamic epigenetic regulation in which gene activity changes without affecting the underlying DNA sequence. Epigenetics works through two main mechanisms: DNA methylation and histone modifications. DNA methylation typically leads to gene silencing, while histone modifications can either activate or repress genes depending on the specific modification, histone type, and targeted amino acid residue. Histone modifications affect important DNA regulatory processes in which the histone core area as well as the N-terminal tails that extend from the core region are vulnerable to a variety of posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including methylation, citrullination (deimination), acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, ribosylation, and lactylation. This review article focuses on what is known about changes in the histone modifications and how these modifications and their responsible enzymes operate throughout mammalian oocyte maturation and early embryo development, highlighting their crucial roles in these processes.
卵子发生和早期胚胎发育的成功在很大程度上依赖于动态表观遗传调控，即基因活性发生变化而不影响其 underlying DNA 序列。表观遗传学通过两种主要机制起作用：DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰。DNA 甲基化通常导致基因沉默，而组蛋白修饰根据特定修饰、组蛋白类型和靶向氨基酸残基的不同，既可以激活基因也可以抑制基因。组蛋白修饰影响重要的 DNA 调控过程，其中组蛋白核心区域以及从核心区域延伸的 N 端尾巴容易受到多种翻译后修饰（PTM）的影响，包括甲基化、瓜氨酸化（脱氨）、乙酰化、磷酸化、泛素化、SUMO 化、核糖基化和乳酸化。这篇综述文章重点关注关于组蛋白修饰变化的已知情况，以及这些修饰及其相关酶在整个哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟和早期胚胎发育过程中的作用方式，强调它们在这些过程中的关键作用。
