Biological significance of extracellular vesicles in innate immune system.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nanosized membranous structures released by diverse cell types, serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication. Recent evidence has highlighted the dynamic transfer of various biological components, including proteins, lipids, mRNAs, non-coding RNAs, miRNAs, and DNA, via EVs. Immuno-stimulated cells actively release EVs that play a pivotal role in regulating the innate immune system. This study comprehensively reviews the current scientific findings, shedding light on the intricate biological roles of EVs in regulating innate immune cells and the overall immune system. This discussion encompasses diverse pathophysiological conditions and provides valuable insights into the multifaceted contributions of EVs to innate immune responses.