da Mota Yandra Thais Rocha, Pimenta Alexandre Santos, de Oliveira Moacir Franco, França Ana Karolinne de Alencar, Pereira Andressa Marcelly Silvestre, de Melo Rafael Rodolfo, Monteiro Thays Vieira da Costa, Fasciotti Maíra, de Medeiros Lúcio César Dantas, Suassuna Bezerra Ana Carla Diógenes
Diagnostic and Experimental Parasitology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Development and Environment - PRODEMA, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Mossoró City, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Forest Sciences - PPGCFL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Macaíba City, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil.
Vet World. 2025 May;18(5):1156-1167. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.1156-1167. Epub 2025 May 13.
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) significantly impair small ruminant production globally, particularly in tropical regions. Anthelmintic resistance due to the indiscriminate use of synthetic drugs has necessitated the search for sustainable, plant-based alternatives. Eucalyptus wood vinegar (WV), a by-product of biomass pyrolysis, possesses bioactive compounds with potential anthelmintic activity. This study aimed to assess the ovicidal efficacy of eucalyptus WV and WV derived from co-pyrolysis of eucalyptus wood with (marjoram) against eggs of GINs from naturally infected sheep.
WV samples were produced through controlled pyrolysis and refined through sequential vacuum distillation. Egg hatchability tests were performed using five WV concentrations (0.3125%-5% g/100 mL), with thiabendazole as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. Egg counts, species identification, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to evaluate structural changes. The chemical compositions of the WVs were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
Both WVs exhibited significant ovicidal activity, with eucalyptus WV achieving 97% inhibition at 1.25%, and the marjoram-enriched WV reaching 100% inhibition at 5%. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, furfural, thymol, and eucalyptol, the latter two being exclusive to the marjoram formulation. SEM micrographs confirmed morphological deformations in treated eggs, including loss of symmetry and membrane integrity. The synergistic interaction among bioactive components, particularly thymol, eucalyptol, and furfural, is proposed as the mechanism enhancing ovicidal activity.
Eucalyptus WV, particularly when enriched with through co-pyrolysis, exhibits potent ovicidal effects against GINs in sheep. These findings support the potential use of WVs as eco-friendly anthelmintic alternatives in integrated parasite management strategies for small ruminants.
胃肠道线虫（GINs）在全球范围内严重影响小型反刍动物的生产，尤其是在热带地区。由于合成药物的滥用导致抗驱虫药问题，因此有必要寻找可持续的、基于植物的替代品。桉树木醋液（WV）是生物质热解的副产品，含有具有潜在驱虫活性的生物活性化合物。本研究旨在评估桉树木醋液以及桉树木与马郁兰共热解产生的木醋液对自然感染绵羊的胃肠道线虫虫卵的杀卵效果。
通过控制热解制备木醋液样品，并通过连续真空蒸馏进行提纯。使用五种木醋液浓度（0.3125%-5% g/100 mL）进行虫卵孵化率测试，以噻苯达唑作为阳性对照，蒸馏水作为阴性对照。进行虫卵计数、种类鉴定和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察以评估结构变化。使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC/MS）对木醋液的化学成分进行表征。
两种木醋液均表现出显著的杀卵活性，桉树木醋液在1.25%浓度下抑制率达到97%，富含马郁兰的木醋液在5%浓度下抑制率达到100%。GC/MS分析表明存在酚类化合物、糠醛、百里香酚和桉叶油素，后两者是马郁兰配方所独有的。SEM显微照片证实处理后的虫卵出现形态变形，包括对称性丧失和膜完整性受损。生物活性成分之间的协同相互作用，特别是百里香酚、桉叶油素和糠醛，被认为是增强杀卵活性的机制。
桉树木醋液，特别是通过与马郁兰共热解而富集的木醋液，对绵羊胃肠道线虫表现出强大的杀卵作用。这些发现支持了木醋液在小型反刍动物寄生虫综合管理策略中作为生态友好型驱虫替代品的潜在用途。
