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埃塞俄比亚中部西巴德瓦乔区农村青春期女孩贫血患病率及其相关因素:一项基于社区的横断面研究。

Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among rural adolescent girls in West Badewacho district, central Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study.

作者信息

Kebede Wondimagegn, Hailu Awoke Girma, Hegena Tadele, Agde Zeleke Dutamo

机构信息

School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.

School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.

出版信息

Front Public Health. 2025 Jun 13;13:1567419. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1567419. eCollection 2025.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Anemia is closely interconnected with the five global nutrition targets, including stunting, low birth weight, childhood overweight, exclusive breastfeeding, and wasting. However, previous studies in Ethiopia have predominantly focused on populations other than adolescents or have relied on hospital-based surveys with limited geographical coverage, resulting in limited evidence in this segment of the population. This study therefore aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of anemia among adolescents in the West Badewacho District, central Ethiopia.

METHODS

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 548 adolescent girls in the West Badewacho district, central Ethiopia, in June 2022. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. A 10 microliter (μL) blood sample was collected from each participant. Data entry and analysis were conducted using EpiData version 4.6 and SPSS version 25, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed and variables with  < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were considered significantly associated with anemia.

RESULTS

The prevalence of anemia was 25.9% (95% CI: 20.7, 30.1). Among the anemic participants, 17.5% had mild anemia (hemoglobin level 10.0-11.9 g/dL) and 8.4% had moderate anemia (hemoglobin level 8.0-9.9 g/dL). The strongest predictors of anemia were household family size of five or more (AOR: 8.02; 95% CI: 3.97, 16.17), menstrual blood flow lasting 5 days or more (AOR: 7.64; 95% CI: 2.02, 28.94), and lack of intestinal parasite treatment or deworming (AOR: 3.94; 95% CI: 1.63, 9.52). Iron-folate intake during adolescence was found to be protective against anemia (AOR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.93).

CONCLUSION

Anemia among adolescent girls was a moderate public health concern in the study area. The strongest predictors of anemia were larger household family size, prolonged menstrual blood flow, and lack of deworming, while iron-folate supplementation was protective. Efforts to reduce anemia should focus on promoting iron-folate supplementation, addressing prolonged menstrual bleeding, improving treatment for intestinal parasites, and providing targeted interventions for larger families.

摘要

背景

贫血与五项全球营养目标密切相关,这五项营养目标包括发育迟缓、低出生体重、儿童超重、纯母乳喂养和消瘦。然而,埃塞俄比亚此前的研究主要集中在青少年以外的人群,或者依赖于地理覆盖范围有限的基于医院的调查,因此该人群的相关证据有限。因此,本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚中部西巴德瓦乔区青少年贫血的患病率及其决定因素。

方法

2022年6月,在埃塞俄比亚中部西巴德瓦乔区对548名青春期女孩进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样技术选择研究参与者。使用经过预测试的结构化问卷收集数据。从每位参与者采集10微升(μL)血样。分别使用EpiData 4.6版和SPSS 25版进行数据录入和分析。计算调整后的比值比(AOR)及其95%置信区间(CI),多变量逻辑回归分析中P<0.05的变量被认为与贫血显著相关。

结果

贫血患病率为25.9%(95%CI:20.7,30.1)。在贫血参与者中,17.5%患有轻度贫血(血红蛋白水平为10.0 - 11.9g/dL),8.4%患有中度贫血(血红蛋白水平为8.0 - 9.9g/dL)。贫血的最强预测因素是家庭人口数为五人或更多(AOR:8.02;95%CI:3.97,16.17)、月经持续5天或更长时间(AOR:7.64;95%CI:2.02,28.94)以及未进行肠道寄生虫治疗或驱虫(AOR:3.94;95%CI:1.63,9.52)。研究发现青春期摄入铁叶酸对贫血有预防作用(AOR:0.64;95%CI:0.11,0.93)。

结论

青春期女孩贫血是研究地区一个中等程度的公共卫生问题。贫血的最强预测因素是家庭人口数多、月经持续时间长和未驱虫,而补充铁叶酸具有预防作用。减少贫血的工作应侧重于促进铁叶酸补充、解决月经长期出血问题、改善肠道寄生虫治疗以及为大家庭提供有针对性的干预措施。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b4b4/12203605/23449a8b9bf8/fpubh-13-1567419-g001.jpg

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