González-Fernández África, Maietta Immacolata
CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain.
Immunology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Pontevedra, 36312, Spain.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 Jun 24;20:8173-8189. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S517249. eCollection 2025.
Nanomaterials, particularly nanoparticles, are revolutionizing various fields, including medicine, due to their distinctive physicochemical properties. Their large surface area, charge and high particle number per unit mass enable enhanced interactions with biological systems, particularly with the immune system. The interaction between nanomaterials and immune cells can influence immune responses in several ways, including modulating cell activation through interactions with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), internalization, degradation, or accumulation in phagocytic cells, as well as altering the immune microenvironment through the release of granular contents, cytokines, and chemokines. Although many studies have focused primarily on phagocytic (macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils) and Natural killer (NK) cells, less attention has been given to other innate immune cells such as eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells. This review aims to highlight the role of these "forgotten" innate immune cells, providing insights into their function, available cell lines, applicable techniques to understand interactions with nanomaterials, and relevant in vitro and in vivo models.
纳米材料，尤其是纳米颗粒，由于其独特的物理化学性质，正在彻底改变包括医学在内的各个领域。它们的大表面积、电荷以及每单位质量的高颗粒数使得与生物系统，特别是与免疫系统的相互作用增强。纳米材料与免疫细胞之间的相互作用可以通过多种方式影响免疫反应，包括通过与模式识别受体（PRR）相互作用调节细胞活化、内化、降解或在吞噬细胞中积累，以及通过释放颗粒内容物、细胞因子和趋化因子改变免疫微环境。尽管许多研究主要集中在吞噬细胞（巨噬细胞、树突状细胞和中性粒细胞）和自然杀伤（NK）细胞上，但对嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和肥大细胞等其他先天免疫细胞的关注较少。本综述旨在强调这些“被遗忘”的先天免疫细胞的作用，深入了解它们的功能、可用的细胞系、用于理解与纳米材料相互作用的适用技术，以及相关的体外和体内模型。
