Department of Molecular Medicine, Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 323, Bahrain.
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
Molecules. 2024 Apr 30;29(9):2073. doi: 10.3390/molecules29092073.
The concept of nanomedicine has evolved significantly in recent decades, leveraging the unique phenomenon known as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. This has facilitated major advancements in targeted drug delivery, imaging, and individualized therapy through the integration of nanotechnology principles into medicine. Numerous nanomedicines have been developed and applied for disease treatment, with a particular focus on cancer therapy. Recently, nanomedicine has been utilized in various advanced fields, including diagnosis, vaccines, immunotherapy, gene delivery, and tissue engineering. Multifunctional nanomedicines facilitate concurrent medication delivery, therapeutic monitoring, and imaging, allowing for immediate responses and personalized treatment plans. This review concerns the major advancement of nanomaterials and their potential applications in the biological and medical fields. Along with this, we also mention the various clinical translations of nanomedicine and the major challenges that nanomedicine is currently facing to overcome the clinical translation barrier.
纳米医学的概念在最近几十年中得到了显著发展，利用了增强型通透性和保留（EPR）效应这一独特现象。通过将纳米技术原理融入医学，这促进了靶向药物输送、成像和个体化治疗的重大进展。已经开发并应用了许多纳米药物来治疗疾病，特别是癌症治疗。最近，纳米医学已应用于各种先进领域，包括诊断、疫苗、免疫疗法、基因传递和组织工程。多功能纳米药物促进了药物同时输送、治疗监测和成像，能够实现即时响应和个性化治疗方案。本综述涉及纳米材料的主要进展及其在生物和医学领域的潜在应用。此外，我们还提到了纳米医学的各种临床转化以及纳米医学目前面临的主要挑战，以克服临床转化障碍。
