Moller Ann-Beth, Patten Jane, Hanson Claudia, Essén Birgitta, Jacobsson Bo
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Green Ink Publishing Services Ltd, Oxford, UK.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2025 Jun 30. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.70344.
Global efforts have for decades aimed to reduce maternal and newborn mortality through initiatives, declarations, and high-level strategies. This article reviews the evolution of the global maternal and newborn health (MNH) agenda from the 1970s to the present, highlighting key conferences, political commitments, strategies, and advocacy movements that have shaped progress. Landmark events such as the Alma-Ata Declaration, the Safe Motherhood Initiative, the International Conference on Population and Development which reframed MNH within a rights-based approach, the Millennium Development Goals, and later the Sustainable Development Goals laid the groundwork for national and global accountability in MNH. Despite progress, the health of women and newborns remains an unfinished agenda. Evidence suggests that in 2023, approximately one woman died from maternal causes related to pregnancy and childbirth every 2 min, one newborn died every 14 s, and a stillbirth occurred every 17 s. Universal health coverage goals have stalled, with minimal gains in service coverage since 2015 emphasizing the need for urgent, united action and investments in healthcare systems, including training and empowering nurses and midwives. A global campaign was launched through World Health Day 2025 to renew commitment to ending preventable maternal and neonatal deaths. Despite the severe cuts made this year to official assistance for health and development, ongoing political will, financial investment, and societal change are needed more than ever. This moment presents an opportunity to recommit to ensuring that women and newborns not only survive but thrive well beyond 2025.
几十年来，全球通过各种倡议、宣言和高层战略致力于降低孕产妇和新生儿死亡率。本文回顾了从20世纪70年代至今全球孕产妇和新生儿健康（MNH）议程的演变，重点介绍了塑造这一进程的关键会议、政治承诺、战略和宣传运动。诸如《阿拉木图宣言》《安全孕产倡议》、将孕产妇和新生儿健康置于基于权利的框架内的国际人口与发展会议、千年发展目标以及后来的可持续发展目标等具有里程碑意义的事件，为孕产妇和新生儿健康领域的国家和全球问责制奠定了基础。尽管取得了进展，但妇女和新生儿的健康仍然是一项未完成的议程。有证据表明，2023年，大约每2分钟就有一名妇女死于与妊娠和分娩相关的孕产妇原因，每14秒就有一名新生儿死亡，每17秒就有一次死产。全民健康覆盖目标停滞不前，自2015年以来服务覆盖范围进展甚微，这凸显了迫切需要采取统一行动并对医疗保健系统进行投资，包括培训和增强护士及助产士的能力。通过2025年世界卫生日发起了一场全球运动，以重新承诺致力于消除可预防的孕产妇和新生儿死亡。尽管今年官方对卫生与发展的援助大幅削减，但比以往任何时候都更需要持续的政治意愿、财政投资和社会变革。当下提供了一个机会，可重新致力于确保妇女和新生儿不仅能够存活，而且在2025年之后能够茁壮成长。
