Błaszczyk-Bębenek Ewa, Jagielski Paweł, Nowak Rafał, Ostachowska-Gąsior Agnieszka
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2025 Jun 27;32(2):240-247. doi: 10.26444/aaem/193461. Epub 2024 Oct 3.
Puberty causes changes in body composition and appearance which can lead to impaired self-evaluation and, subsequently, health-risk behaviours among adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess the congruence of self-perception, body dissatisfaction, and self-perception incongruence with the current body weight status of adolescents from rural areas of southern Poland.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 446 adolescents aged 10-17 years, primarily from rural areas of the provinces of southern Poland. Body mass index (BMI) was used to assess the nutritional status of adolescents. The research tool was a questionnaire that included a body silhouette test, a body image dissatisfaction index (BID), and the FAI (Feel weight status minus Actual weight status Inconsistency) index to observe inappropriate perceptions of body weight status.
A total of 245 (54.9%) girls and 201 (45.1%) boys with a mean age of 13.6 ± 2.1 years were evaluated. Overall, 66.7% of the boys and 61.6% of the girls had normal body weight based on BMI interpretation, but only 33.5% of the girls and 39.3% of the boys perceived their body weight as normal. Almost 60% of the surveyed boys and girls were dissatisfied (BID) with their own appearance. An incorrect perception of body weight status (FAI) was presented by 49.4% of the girls and 41.8% of the boys. For more than 70% of girls, the ideal figure was one indicated as being underweight in the silhouette test. Dissatisfaction with one's own appearance was significantly associated with adherence to a diet and alcohol consumption.
Inappropriate perceptions and negative self-image among adolescents may be associated with hazardous health behaviours, representing a serious public health problem.
青春期会导致身体成分和外观的变化，这可能会导致青少年自我评估受损，进而引发健康风险行为。本研究的目的是评估波兰南部农村地区青少年的自我认知、身体不满以及自我认知与当前体重状况的不一致性之间的一致性。
对446名年龄在10 - 17岁的青少年进行了横断面调查，这些青少年主要来自波兰南部省份的农村地区。采用体重指数（BMI）评估青少年的营养状况。研究工具是一份问卷，其中包括身体轮廓测试、身体形象不满指数（BID）以及FAI（感觉体重状况减去实际体重状况不一致性）指数，以观察对体重状况的不当认知。
共评估了245名（54.9%）女孩和201名（45.1%）男孩，平均年龄为13.6 ± 2.1岁。总体而言，根据BMI解释，66.7%的男孩和61.6%的女孩体重正常，但只有33.5%的女孩和39.3%的男孩认为自己体重正常。近60%的受访男孩和女孩对自己的外表不满意（BID）。49.4%的女孩和41.8%的男孩存在对体重状况的错误认知（FAI）。对于超过70%的女孩来说，理想身材是身体轮廓测试中显示为体重过轻的那种。对自己外表的不满与节食和饮酒显著相关。
青少年中不当的认知和负面的自我形象可能与有害健康行为相关，这是一个严重的公共卫生问题。
