Jiang Yingying, An Zhenjiang, Li Wenjie, Xia Shuwen, Ding Qiang, Zhong Jifeng, Wang Huili, Xu Yan, Chen Kunlin, Shen Yangyang
Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Microbiol Spectr. 2025 Aug 5;13(8):e0076925. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00769-25. Epub 2025 Jun 30.
The rumen microbiome plays a crucial role in determining the metabolic and digestive efficiency of livestock. Despite its crucial role, the impact of the rumen microbiome on average daily gain (ADG) in Xuzhou cattle remains underexplored. Xuzhou cattle is a well-known breed in China, renowned for rapid growth and superior meat quality. We selected 10 individuals from the Xuzhou cattle population and categorized Xuzhou cattle into High-ADG and Low-ADG groups and analyzed their rumen microbiota. Through comprehensive metagenomic and metabolomic analyses, we characterized the microbial diversity and functional composition of the rumen microbiome, uncovering distinct taxonomic and functional alterations associated with ADG. Thirteen kingdoms, 224 phyla, and over 16,000 species were identified, and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) indicated significant microbial differentiation between the two groups on phylum, genus, and species levels ( < 0.05). Notably, Lentisphaerae, along with several other genera and species, presented a higher abundance in High, suggesting a potential connection with enhanced growth performance. Further functional annotation revealed that the High group displayed enriched carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism pathways, with a greater abundance of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), particularly those involved in the degradation of complex carbohydrates. The Low-ADG group exhibited reduced metabolic activity in these pathways. Metabolomic analysis revealed 10 significantly altered metabolites, including gamma-glutamyltyrosine and N-acetylaspartic acid, which were upregulated in the High-ADG group, indicating their potential role in growth promotion. Spearman's rank correlation analysis further uncovered significant interactions between key microbiomes and metabolites, which correlated with ADG. Random forest analysis identified Victivallales and Lentisphaerae as key taxa, with gamma-glutamyltyrosine and Asp-Phe emerging as predictive biomarkers for ADG.
This study identifies key microbiota (Victivallales and Lentisphaerae) and metabolites (gamma-glutamyltyrosine, Asp-Phe, N-acetylaspartic acid, Gly-Phe) that positively regulate average daily gain (ADG) in Xuzhou cattle through amino acid metabolism. This fundamental information is vital for the development of potential manipulation strategies to improve the daily gain level through precision feeding.
瘤胃微生物群在决定家畜的代谢和消化效率方面起着至关重要的作用。尽管其作用至关重要，但瘤胃微生物群对徐州牛平均日增重（ADG）的影响仍未得到充分研究。徐州牛是中国著名的品种，以生长迅速和肉质优良而闻名。我们从徐州牛群体中挑选了10头牛，将徐州牛分为高ADG组和低ADG组，并分析了它们的瘤胃微生物群。通过全面的宏基因组学和代谢组学分析，我们对瘤胃微生物群的微生物多样性和功能组成进行了表征，发现了与ADG相关的不同分类学和功能变化。鉴定出了13个界、224个门和超过16000个物种，主坐标分析（PCoA）表明两组在门、属和种水平上存在显著的微生物差异（<0.05）。值得注意的是， Lentisphaerae以及其他几个属和物种在高ADG组中丰度较高，表明其与生长性能增强可能存在关联。进一步的功能注释显示，高ADG组显示出丰富的碳水化合物和氨基酸代谢途径，碳水化合物活性酶（CAZymes）丰度更高，特别是那些参与复杂碳水化合物降解的酶。低ADG组在这些途径中的代谢活性降低。代谢组学分析揭示了10种显著变化的代谢物，包括γ-谷氨酰酪氨酸和N-乙酰天冬氨酸，它们在高ADG组中上调，表明它们在促进生长中的潜在作用。Spearman等级相关分析进一步揭示了关键微生物群与代谢物之间的显著相互作用，这些相互作用与ADG相关。随机森林分析确定Victivallales和Lentisphaerae为关键分类群，γ-谷氨酰酪氨酸和Asp-Phe成为ADG的预测生物标志物。
本研究确定了通过氨基酸代谢正向调节徐州牛平均日增重（ADG）的关键微生物群（Victivallales和Lentisphaerae）和代谢物（γ-谷氨酰酪氨酸、Asp-Phe、N-乙酰天冬氨酸、Gly-Phe）。这些基础信息对于制定通过精准饲养提高日增重水平的潜在调控策略至关重要。
