An exciting future for microbial molecular biology and physiology.

Continuous advances in technologies ranging from deep sequencing and genetic manipulation to mass spectrometry, single cell imaging, and structural biology have led to previously unimaginable advances in our understanding of microbial physiology and the molecular mechanisms underlying microbial responses in a multitude of environments. Simultaneously, these advances are revealing how much more there is to learn. At the 2024 virtual retreat of the Molecular Biology and Physiology (MBP) Community of the Council on Microbial Sciences (COMS) of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), eight early-career investigators, along with retreat attendees, discussed some of these astounding advances, as well as the challenges and opportunities the developments raise. Motivated by these discussions, we review the state-of-the-art in molecular microbiology and provide an outlook on this field. Our hope is that the topics discussed here can serve as an inspiration for the development of future technologies, resources, and guidelines and for the training of the next generation of microbiologists.