Dasrilsyah Rima Anggrena, Rotem Reut, O'Leary Bobby, Domoney Claudine, O'Reilly Barry
Mater Private Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Int Urogynecol J. 2025 Jun 30. doi: 10.1007/s00192-025-06206-x.
The female orgasm is a complex physiological and psychological response essential for sexual well-being and overall health. Historically misinterpreted, its significance is now better understood through modern research integrating neurobiological, hormonal, and psychological factors. Female orgasmic disorder (FOD), characterized by persistent difficulty in achieving orgasm, significantly affects emotional and relational well-being. This review summarizes current knowledge on the female orgasm, its dysfunction, and treatment modalities.
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on studies published between 2000 and 2024. Keywords included "female orgasmic disorder," "female orgasm," "anorgasmia," and "female sexual dysfunction." After screening abstracts and full texts, 20 articles were included, supplemented by additional sources through reference review.
The female orgasm involves interplay between anatomical structures such as the clitoris, vagina, and pelvic floor muscles, as well as neural pathways and hormonal interactions. FOD is classified as primary (lifelong) or secondary (acquired) and is influenced by psychosocial, relational, and medical factors. Treatment options include cognitive-behavioral therapy, directed masturbation, pelvic floor muscle training, pharmacological interventions such as sildenafil, bupropion, or hormonal therapy, mechanical devices, and emerging regenerative therapies such as platelet-rich plasma and stem cell treatments.
Understanding the female orgasm and its dysfunction is essential for improving sexual health care. A biopsychosocial approach that integrates personalized, patient-centered treatments can enhance outcomes. Future research should focus on refining therapeutic strategies and expanding knowledge on novel interventions.
女性性高潮是一种复杂的生理和心理反应，对性健康和整体健康至关重要。在历史上它曾被误解，如今通过整合神经生物学、激素和心理因素的现代研究，其重要性得到了更好的理解。女性性高潮障碍（FOD），其特征为持续难以达到性高潮，会显著影响情绪和人际关系健康。本综述总结了关于女性性高潮、其功能障碍及治疗方式的当前知识。
使用MEDLINE/PubMed和谷歌学术进行了全面的文献检索，重点关注2000年至2024年发表的研究。关键词包括“女性性高潮障碍”、“女性性高潮”、“性高潮缺失”和“女性性功能障碍”。在筛选摘要和全文后，纳入了20篇文章，并通过参考文献回顾补充了其他来源。
女性性高潮涉及阴蒂、阴道和盆底肌肉等解剖结构之间的相互作用，以及神经通路和激素相互作用。FOD分为原发性（终身性）或继发性（后天获得性），并受到心理社会、人际关系和医学因素的影响。治疗选择包括认知行为疗法、指导性自慰、盆底肌肉训练、药物干预（如西地那非、安非他酮或激素疗法）、机械设备，以及新兴的再生疗法（如富血小板血浆和干细胞治疗）。
了解女性性高潮及其功能障碍对于改善性健康护理至关重要。采用整合个性化、以患者为中心治疗的生物心理社会方法可以提高治疗效果。未来的研究应侧重于完善治疗策略，并扩大对新型干预措施的认识。
