Zhaoxing Liu, Shuning Dong, Xiaoming Guo, Xiaolong Li, Yingfeng Liu, Kang Guo
School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China.
CCTEG Xi'an Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710077, Shaanxi, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jun 30;15(1):20353. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-04132-y.
The superimposed disaster of water and sand collapse and strong ore pressure appearance in the two coal bases of Huanglong and Ningdong mining areas in western China is a kind of dynamic sand collapse disaster of weakly consolidated rock strata in the roof of thick bedrock mining. This type of disaster is a new type of stope roof disaster, which is different from the previous non-dynamic water and sand collapse disasters in shallow buried and near loose layer stope in terms of appearance, material source and power source. As this type of disaster is sudden, destructive and powerful, it poses a serious threat to the safety of production, so how to effectively prevent and control the recurrence of disasters has become a difficult problem to be solved in many mining areas. By means of theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and laboratory tests, this paper analyzes and studies the overlying rock failure characteristics of stope, hydraulic gradient conditions of aquifer, physical and mechanical characteristics of weakly consolidated formation and its mineral composi-tion from the perspective of the source and power source of disaster formation, etc., and reveals the internal relationship between mine pressure of accident stope and the disaster caused by weakly consolidated formation. The typical overburden formation structure characteristics of dynamic sand collapse disaster in weakly consolidated formation are put forward, and the necessary conditions for disaster occurrence are the mudstone roof strata of weakly consolidated Zhiluo Formation containing a large number of hydrophobic minerals (provenance) and the slide and instability of composite key strata (power source). The research results will provide theoretical support for the construction of prevention and control technology system for the disaster caused by water and sand collapse of stope roof and the occurrence of strong mine pressure, and ensure the large-scale safety development of coal fields in western China.
中国西部黄陇和宁东矿区两大煤基地出现的水砂溃塌与强烈矿压显现叠加灾害，是厚基岩开采顶板软弱固结岩层的一种动力砂溃塌灾害。这类灾害是一种新型采场顶板灾害，在灾害表象、物源和动力源方面与以往浅埋近松散层采场的非动力水砂溃塌灾害不同。由于这类灾害具有突发性、破坏性和强大性，对生产安全构成严重威胁，因此如何有效防治灾害复发已成为众多矿区亟待解决的难题。本文通过理论分析、数值计算和室内试验，从灾害形成的源和动力等角度，分析研究了采场覆岩破坏特征、含水层水力梯度条件、软弱固结地层物理力学特性及其矿物组成等，揭示了事故采场矿压与软弱固结地层引发灾害之间的内在联系。提出了软弱固结地层动力砂溃塌灾害典型覆岩结构特征，灾害发生的必要条件是含有大量疏水矿物的软弱固结直罗组泥岩顶板地层（物源）和复合关键层的滑落失稳（动力源）。研究成果将为采场顶板水砂溃塌灾害及强烈矿压显现防治技术体系构建提供理论支撑，保障中国西部煤田大规模安全开发。
