McClellan Katlyn A, Morse Abigail L, Shen Yanbin, Crenshaw Joe, Jendza Joshua, Weaver Eric M
Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
APC LLC, Ankeny, IA 50021, USA.
Transl Anim Sci. 2025 Jun 14;9:txaf080. doi: 10.1093/tas/txaf080. eCollection 2025.
Ferrous sulfate (FeSO) is commonly used in swine diets, yet sow anemia remains prevalent, prompting the need to evaluate alternative iron sources. This study evaluated polysaccharide complexed iron (PC-Fe; non-heme organic iron source) and spray-dried bovine blood cells (HEME-Fe; heme-organic iron source) as alternatives to FeSO (CON-Fe; inorganic iron source) on sow and offspring iron status. At 2 ± 1 d of gestation, 44 female pigs were allocated by parity (0 to 4), body weight, and initial blood hemoglobin (Hb) to one of three dietary iron treatments: a control group (CON-Fe) receiving 125 mg/kg of iron from FeSO monohydrate (n = 15), a non-heme organic iron group (PC-Fe) receiving 125 mg/kg iron from a polysaccharide-complexed iron source (n = 15), and a heme iron group (HEME-Fe) receiving equal amounts of Fe from FeSO and organic heme iron from spray-dried red blood cells (RBCs) (n = 14). Sows were fed their assigned diets until weaning, meeting or exceeding the estimated nutrient requirements for gilts during both gestation and lactation. Sow blood was collected on days 0, 30 ± 2, 60 ± 2, 90 ± 2, and 110 ± 2 of gestation, and at weaning (day 18 ± 3 of lactation). In piglets, Hb was measured within 12 hours after birth and at weaning (day 18 ± 3) using a point-of-care analyzer (HemoCue 201+). Additionally, four piglets per litter were sampled at birth and two at weaning for serum analyses via jugular puncture. Sow and piglet serum samples were analyzed for serum iron (SI), ferritin (SF), and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). Sow whole blood was also analyzed for hematological parameters including white blood cells, RBC, Hb, packed cell volume, and platelet counts. On day 90 of gestation, sows supplemented with HEME-Fe had higher Hb concentrations (12.1 g/dL) compared to those receiving CON-Fe (10.9 g/dL) and PC-Fe (10.8 g/dL) ( = 0.001). On day 30, PC-Fe sows had higher SF concentrations (21.4 ng/mL) than CON-Fe sows (10.4 ng/mL; = 0.027), with HEME-Fe sows showing intermediate values (15.4 ng/mL). The PC-Fe sows also tended to have lower TIBC (576.7 µg/dL) than CON-Fe sows (613.1 µg/dL; = 0.059), with HEME-Fe again being intermediate (600.4 µg/dL). Piglet anemia at birth (Hb < 10 g/dL) was lowest in PC-Fe (29%), followed by HEME-Fe (42%), both lower than CON-Fe (75%) ( < 0.001). PC-Fe improved early maternal iron storage, while HEME-Fe supported late gestational Hb, both enhancing neonatal iron status compared to FeSO.
硫酸亚铁（FeSO）常用于猪的日粮中，但母猪贫血仍然普遍存在，这促使人们需要评估替代铁源。本研究评估了多糖复合铁（PC-Fe；非血红素有机铁源）和喷雾干燥牛血细胞（HEME-Fe；血红素有机铁源）作为硫酸亚铁（CON-Fe；无机铁源）的替代品对母猪和后代铁状态的影响。在妊娠2±1天时，根据胎次（0至4胎）、体重和初始血血红蛋白（Hb）将44头母猪分配到三种日粮铁处理之一：对照组（CON-Fe）接受来自一水合硫酸亚铁的125mg/kg铁（n = 15），非血红素有机铁组（PC-Fe）接受来自多糖复合铁源的125mg/kg铁（n = 15），血红素铁组（HEME-Fe）接受来自硫酸亚铁的等量铁和来自喷雾干燥红细胞（RBC）的有机血红素铁（n = 14）。母猪饲喂其指定日粮直至断奶，在妊娠和泌乳期间均达到或超过后备母猪的估计营养需求。在妊娠第0、30±2、60±2、90±2和110±2天以及断奶时（泌乳第18±3天）采集母猪血液。在仔猪出生后12小时内和断奶时（第18±3天）使用即时检验分析仪（HemoCue 201+）测量Hb。此外，每窝出生时对4头仔猪进行采样，断奶时对2头仔猪进行采样，通过颈静脉穿刺进行血清分析。分析母猪和仔猪血清样本中的血清铁（SI）、铁蛋白（SF）和总铁结合力（TIBC）。还分析母猪全血的血液学参数，包括白细胞、红细胞、Hb、血细胞比容和血小板计数。在妊娠第90天时，补充HEME-Fe的母猪Hb浓度（12.1g/dL）高于接受CON-Fe（10.9g/dL）和PC-Fe（10.8g/dL）的母猪（P = 0.001）。在第30天时，PC-Fe组母猪的SF浓度（21.4ng/mL）高于CON-Fe组母猪（10.4ng/mL；P = 0.027），HEME-Fe组母猪呈现中间值（15.4ng/mL）。PC-Fe组母猪的TIBC也倾向于低于CON-Fe组母猪（576.7μg/dL对613.1μg/dL；P = 0.059），HEME-Fe组再次呈现中间值（600.4μg/dL）。出生时仔猪贫血（Hb < 10g/dL）在PC-Fe组中最低（29%），其次是HEME-Fe组（42%），两者均低于CON-Fe组（75%）（P < 0.001）。PC-Fe改善了早期母体铁储存，而HEME-Fe维持了妊娠后期的Hb水平，与硫酸亚铁相比，两者均增强了新生仔猪的铁状态。
