Chen Tong, Tan Liangbin
Faculty of Architecture and City Planning, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):21876. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-04465-8.
External windows and shading systems significantly influence solar radiation control and natural daylighting in building spaces. This study focuses on west-facing dormitory rooms in universities in Kunming, China-spaces particularly prone to solar overexposure-and proposes a fixed external shading design method optimized for solar heat control and daylighting performance. A parametric modeling and simulation approach was adopted, and Pareto-optimal solutions were generated using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). Results indicate that a shading configuration with a panel depth of 0.35 m, spacing of 0.27 m, and an upward horizontal tilt of 7° effectively minimizes seasonal fluctuations in solar heat gain while achieving a reasonable trade-off with daylighting. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was further applied to evaluate and rank the multi-objective solutions. Under equal-weight evaluation, a configuration with a depth of 0.4 m, spacing of 0.57 m, and a 3° vertical tilt facing north ranked highest, indicating a strong balance between thermal control and daylight performance.This study focuses on optimizing the geometric parameters of passive fixed shading components, without addressing adjustable or dynamic systems. The findings offer practical design references and parametric guidance for external shading strategies in west-facing dormitories in Kunming and other regions with similar climatic conditions.
外部窗户和遮阳系统对建筑空间的太阳辐射控制和自然采光有显著影响。本研究聚焦于中国昆明高校中朝西的宿舍房间——这些空间特别容易受到太阳过度照射——并提出一种针对太阳热量控制和采光性能进行优化的固定外部遮阳设计方法。采用了参数化建模与模拟方法，并使用非支配排序遗传算法II（NSGA-II）生成帕累托最优解。结果表明，面板深度为0.35米、间距为0.27米且向上水平倾斜7°的遮阳配置能有效最小化太阳得热的季节性波动，同时在采光方面实现合理权衡。逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS）被进一步用于评估多目标解并进行排序。在等权重评估下，深度为0.4米、间距为0.57米且朝北垂直倾斜3°的配置排名最高，表明在热控制和采光性能之间实现了良好平衡。本研究专注于优化被动式固定遮阳组件的几何参数，未涉及可调节或动态系统。研究结果为昆明及其他气候条件相似地区朝西宿舍的外部遮阳策略提供了实际设计参考和参数指导。
