de Moura Rayane Carvalho, de Moura Costa Crislane, Ferreira Cirley Pinheiro, Silvino Valmir Oliveira, Sousa Bruna Lorena Soares Cavalcante, Barros Esmeralda Maria Lustosa, Dos Santos Leandra Caline, de Macêdo Gonçalves Frota Karoline, Almeida Sandro Soares, Ribeiro Sérgio Luís Galan, Veras E Silva Acácio Salvador, da Silva Pinheiro Michelly, Veras João Victor Neves, de Sousa Paulo Henrique Carvalho, de Azambuja Pussieldi Guilherme, Cardoso Glêbia Alexa, Pereira Dos Santos Marcos Antonio
Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of Piaui, Rua Poeta Mário Bento, Residencial Lara, 3025, Teresina, 64046440, Piauí, Brazil.
Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):21183. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05005-0.
Hydration plays a fundamental role in the physical performance of athletes, especially in endurance sports such as mountain biking. To assess the hydration status and physical performance of mountain bike cyclists during a competition in a hot environment. This is a cross-sectional study, part of a broader research project, conducted during a mountain bike competition in a hot environment in the city of Piripiri, Piauí, Brazil. Cyclists were weighed before and after the competition, and blood samples were collected to analyze sodium, potassium, and plasma osmolality concentrations. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance analysis, and physical performance tests were conducted, including a horizontal jump test to assess lower limb strength and a handgrip strength test for upper limb evaluation. The competition organizers recorded race duration. Results were presented as means and standard deviations. Repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson's correlation test were used for statistical analysis, with a significance level of 5% and a 95% confidence interval. A total of 66 male athletes were divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1), young athletes (18 to 34 years old), with 28 individuals, and Group 2 (G2), master athletes (35 to 59 years old), with 37 individuals. There was a significant decrease in body mass between the pre- and post-competition moments (79.15 ± 14.65 kg; 76.15 ± 14.36 kg) (p = 0.000). The cyclists experienced significant dehydration, starting the race already in a dehydrated state, which intensified throughout the competition (p = 0.008). G2 showed a reduction in lower limb strength (p = 0.004) and a negative correlation between dehydration and the horizontal jump test (r = - 0.396; p = 0.015), as well as between dehydration and handgrip strength in the dominant hand (r = - 0.387; p = 0.018) and non-dominant hand (r = - 0.386; p = 0.019) with race time. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between skeletal muscle mass and handgrip strength in both G1 and G2. Cyclists started the race already in a dehydrated state. Master cyclists demonstrated a negative correlation between dehydration and physical performance. Athletes with greater muscle mass exhibited higher upper limb strength, which negatively correlated with race time among master athletes.
水合作用在运动员的身体表现中起着至关重要的作用，尤其是在耐力运动中，如山地自行车运动。为了评估在炎热环境下山地自行车比赛中车手的水合状态和身体表现。这是一项横断面研究，是一个更广泛研究项目的一部分，在巴西皮奥伊州皮里皮里市的一次炎热环境下的山地自行车比赛中进行。在比赛前后对车手进行称重，并采集血样以分析钠、钾和血浆渗透压浓度。使用生物电阻抗分析评估身体成分，并进行身体表现测试，包括评估下肢力量的立定跳远测试和评估上肢的握力测试。比赛组织者记录比赛时长。结果以均值和标准差表示。采用重复测量方差分析和皮尔逊相关检验进行统计分析，显著性水平为5%，置信区间为95%。共有66名男性运动员分为两组：第1组（G1）为年轻运动员（18至34岁），共28人；第2组（G2）为主运动员（35至59岁），共37人。比赛前后体重显著下降（79.15±14.65千克；76.15±14.36千克）（p = 0.000）。车手们经历了显著的脱水，比赛开始时就已处于脱水状态，且在整个比赛过程中脱水情况加剧（p = 0.008）。G2组下肢力量下降（p = 0.004），脱水与立定跳远测试之间呈负相关（r = -0.396；p = 0.015），脱水与优势手握力（r = -0.387；p = 0.018）和非优势手握力（r = -0.386；p = 0.019）与比赛时间之间也呈负相关。此外，在G1组和G2组中，骨骼肌质量与握力之间均观察到正相关。车手们在比赛开始时就已处于脱水状态。成年车手的脱水与身体表现之间呈负相关。肌肉量较大的运动员上肢力量较高，而这在成年运动员中与比赛时间呈负相关。
