Rasheed Andleeb, Kamran Sairah Hafeez, Hameed Misbah, Siddique Farhan, Latif Sumera, Bibi Mehvish, Rizwan Roha
Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Punjab, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):22778. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05469-0.
Syringic acid (SA), a phenolic compound, is found naturally in several plants, fruits, and vegetables and has numerous therapeutic attributes. The objective of the research was to investigate the possible impact of syringic acid nanoparticles (SANPs) on hyperglycemia, particularly in relation to advanced glycation end products, reactive oxygen species, and inflammation. SANPs were prepared by ionic gelation method and characterized. Rats were divided into 5 groups, normal control, high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD), HFFD + metformin (120 mg/kg), HFFD + SA (30 mg/kg) and HFFD + SANPs (15 mg/kg). Rats showed a remarkable decrease in body weight (↓31.61%) and fasting blood glucose levels (↓62.63%) in HFFD + SANPs group. The HbA1c decreased from 5.8 ± 0.05% in HFFD to 4.4 ± 0.12% in HFFD + SA and 4.1 ± 0.16% in HFFD + SANPs treatment groups. The administration of SANPs resulted in a considerable improvement (p < 0.001) in the activity of glyoxalase-1 (Glo1, 0.19 ± 0.003 U/mg protein), glyoxalase-2 (Glo2, 0.14 ± 0.002 U/mg protein) and hexokinase-2 (29.19 ± 2.24 ng/dL). There was a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels along with increased glutathione (GSH), superoxide-dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity. The in-silico analysis indicated potential binding affinities with hexokinase 2 (-5.4), IL-6 (-5.7), catalase (-5.8), MDA (-5.4) and GSH (-5.1). Furthermore, these interventions resulted in enhancements in the plasma concentrations of lipid profile components as well as improvements in liver function tests and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8 and NF-κB. Utilization of SANPs holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for mitigating hyperglycemia.
丁香酸（SA）是一种酚类化合物，天然存在于多种植物、水果和蔬菜中，具有多种治疗特性。本研究的目的是探讨丁香酸纳米颗粒（SANPs）对高血糖的可能影响，特别是与晚期糖基化终产物、活性氧和炎症的关系。通过离子凝胶法制备并表征了SANPs。将大鼠分为5组，正常对照组、高脂高糖饮食（HFFD）组、HFFD + 二甲双胍（120 mg/kg）组、HFFD + SA（30 mg/kg）组和HFFD + SANPs（15 mg/kg）组。HFFD + SANPs组大鼠体重显著下降（下降31.61%），空腹血糖水平显著下降（下降62.63%）。糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）从HFFD组的5.8±0.05%降至HFFD + SA组的4.4±0.12%和HFFD + SANPs治疗组的4.1±0.16%。SANPs的给药使乙二醛酶-1（Glo1，0.19±0.003 U/mg蛋白质）、乙二醛酶-2（Glo2，0.14±0.002 U/mg蛋白质）和己糖激酶-2（29.19±2.24 ng/dL）的活性有显著改善（p < 0.001）。丙二醛（MDA）水平显著降低（p < 0.001），同时谷胱甘肽（GSH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶活性增加。计算机模拟分析表明，其与己糖激酶2（-5.4）、白细胞介素-6（-5.7）、过氧化氢酶（-5.8）、MDA（-5.4）和GSH（-5.1）具有潜在的结合亲和力。此外，这些干预措施导致血脂成分的血浆浓度升高，肝功能测试以及包括白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-8和核因子-κB在内的促炎细胞因子表达得到改善。使用SANPs有望成为减轻高血糖的一种治疗策略。
