Gao Mengqian, Yang Shuo, Zhang Hongtao, Huang Ying, Xiao Hui, He Zhanming, Qiu Chao, Lu Jianyun
Department of Health Education and Promotion, Guangzhou Baiyun Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China.
Guangzhou Baiyun Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):20763. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-07491-8.
Health literacy is crucial in individuals' ability to make informed health decisions and manage chronic conditions. This study aimed to assess the levels of health literacy and identify socio-demographic factors associated with health literacy among residents aged 15-69 years in Baiyun District, Guangzhou. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2630 participants using the China Health Literacy Survey (CHLS) questionnaire between 2019 and 2024. Ordinal logistic regression (OLR) was performed to identify factors associated with health literacy. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was used to explore the interrelationships between categorical variables such as age, education, and health literacy. The mean health literacy score was 47.31 (SD = 11.41), with 34.5% of participants having adequate health literacy. The OLR results showed that lower education levels were significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of having adequate health literacy. Participants with less than junior high school education ([Formula: see text] = -1.71, 95% CI: -2.06, -1.37, P < 0.001) and those with junior or senior high school education ([Formula: see text] = -1.24, 95% CI: -1.40, -1.07, P < 0.001) were less likely to have adequate health literacy compared to those with college or higher education. Age was also significantly associated with health literacy, with younger participants (aged 15-44 years) having a higher likelihood of adequate health literacy ([Formula: see text] = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.58, 1.06, P < 0.001). MCA further revealed that younger, higher-educated individuals clustered in the upper-left quadrant, reflecting higher health literacy, while older, less-educated individuals were positioned in the lower-right quadrant, indicating lower health literacy. Education and age were significant determinants of health literacy in Baiyun District, Guangzhou. These findings emphasize the need for targeted health literacy interventions, particularly for older and less-educated populations. Public health policies should focus on improving educational opportunities and providing tailored health education programs to enhance health literacy, thereby reducing health disparities.
健康素养对于个人做出明智的健康决策和管理慢性病的能力至关重要。本研究旨在评估广州市白云区15 - 69岁居民的健康素养水平，并确定与健康素养相关的社会人口学因素。2019年至2024年期间，使用中国健康素养调查问卷（CHLS）对2630名参与者进行了横断面调查。采用有序逻辑回归（OLR）来确定与健康素养相关的因素。使用多重对应分析（MCA）来探索年龄、教育程度和健康素养等分类变量之间的相互关系。健康素养平均得分为47.31（标准差 = 11.41），34.5%的参与者具备足够的健康素养。OLR结果显示，较低的教育水平与具备足够健康素养的可能性降低显著相关。与大专及以上学历者相比，初中及以下学历者（[公式：见原文] = -1.71，95%置信区间：-2.06，-1.37，P < 0.001）和高中文化程度者（[公式：见原文] = -1.24，95%置信区间：-1.40，-1.07，P < 0.001）具备足够健康素养的可能性较小。年龄也与健康素养显著相关，较年轻的参与者（15 - 44岁）具备足够健康素养的可能性更高（[公式：见原文] = 0.82，95%置信区间：0.58，1.06，P < 0.001）。MCA进一步表明，较年轻、受教育程度较高的个体聚集在左上方象限，反映出较高的健康素养，而年龄较大、受教育程度较低的个体位于右下方象限，表明健康素养较低。教育程度和年龄是广州市白云区健康素养的重要决定因素。这些发现强调了有针对性的健康素养干预措施的必要性，特别是针对年龄较大和受教育程度较低的人群。公共卫生政策应侧重于改善教育机会，并提供量身定制的健康教育项目以提高健康素养，从而减少健康差距。
