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波兰采集的蓖麻硬蜱体内伯氏疏螺旋体属与其他不同蜱传病原体的共存情况。

Coexistence of Borrelia spp. With different tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes ricinus ticks removed from humans in Poland.

作者信息

Koczwarska Julia, Polaczyk Justyna, Wieczorek Wiktoria, Zdzienicka Olga, Żórańska Julia, Pawełczyk Agnieszka, Welc-Falęciak Renata

机构信息

Department of Parasitology, Institute of Experimental Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.

Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):21684. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05885-2.

Abstract

Ixodes ricinus tick is a primary vector of Borrelia spirochetes and various tick-borne pathogens in Europe. Multi-species infections are common among ticks, however, the mechanism by which Borrelia spp. coexists with other pathogens within the tick vector is poorly understood. Furthermore, the extent to which Borrelia spp. interact with other pathogens or how multi-species infections influence pathogen loads in ticks and consequently, their transmission success and pathogenicity, remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of co-infections on occurrence and loads of Borrelia spp. and other pathogens in I. ricinus. In the years 2021-2022, we collected 2073 I. ricinus ticks from tick-bitten individuals from around Poland and analyzed individually for the presence of Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp., Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp. and Bartonella spp. using molecular methods. Loads of pathogens were determined with droplet digital PCR technique. Of the 324 ticks positive for Borrelia spp., 76 were co-infected with at least one different pathogen. We observed higher prevalence of Babesia spp. and N. mikurensis among Borrelia spp. - positive ticks than in ticks uninfected with Borrelia spp. (3.4% vs. 1.3% and 10.2% vs. 4.2% respectively). A similar positive correlation was observed between Babesia spp. and N. mikurensis. Additionally, the loads of N. mikurensis were nearly twice as high in Babesia spp. - positive ticks compared to those not infected with this pathogen. This study is among the first to explore influence of co-infections on pathogen loads in multi-infected ticks feeding on humans. Understanding the relationships between pathogens coexisting in ticks may broaden our insight into epidemiology of tick-borne diseases.

摘要

蓖麻硬蜱是欧洲疏螺旋体和多种蜱传病原体的主要传播媒介。蜱类中多物种感染很常见,然而,疏螺旋体在蜱传媒介中与其他病原体共存的机制却知之甚少。此外,疏螺旋体与其他病原体相互作用的程度,或者多物种感染如何影响蜱体内的病原体载量,进而影响它们的传播成功率和致病性,仍不清楚。本研究的目的是评估共感染对蓖麻硬蜱体内疏螺旋体和其他病原体的发生及载量的影响。在2021年至2022年期间,我们从波兰各地被蜱叮咬的个体身上收集了2073只蓖麻硬蜱,并使用分子方法分别分析了疏螺旋体、立克次体、米库新新埃立克体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体、巴贝斯虫和巴尔通体的存在情况。用数字液滴PCR技术测定病原体载量。在324只疏螺旋体呈阳性的蜱中,有76只同时感染了至少一种不同的病原体。我们观察到,在疏螺旋体呈阳性的蜱中,巴贝斯虫和米库新新埃立克体的患病率高于未感染疏螺旋体的蜱(分别为3.4%对1.3%和10.2%对4.2%)。在巴贝斯虫和米库新新埃立克体之间也观察到了类似的正相关。此外,与未感染该病原体的蜱相比,感染巴贝斯虫的蜱中米库新新埃立克体的载量几乎高出一倍。本研究是首批探索共感染对以人类为宿主的多感染蜱中病原体载量影响的研究之一。了解蜱中共存病原体之间的关系可能会拓宽我们对蜱传疾病流行病学的认识。

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